Obavljeno je istraživanje učestalosti pojave antibiotika i drugih anti-bakterijskih tvari u mlijeku isporučenom za tržište. Ispitivanja su obavljena u Središnjem laboratoriju za kontrolu mlijeka Hrvatskog stočarskog centra tijekom sedmomjesečnoga razdoblja na ukupno 107.840 uzoraka, odnosno na 15.405 uzoraka u prosjeku mjesečno koji su uzimani na sabirnim mjestima iz rashladnih uređaja. Cilj je bio ukazati na učestalost pojave antibiotika i drugih antibakterijskih tvari u mlijeku, te na neophodnost primjene sveukupnoga menadžmenta kakvoće u kontekstu sprječavanja pojave antibiotika u svježem mlijeku s farmi s obzirom na važnost koju zauzimaju mlijeko i mliječni proizvodi u prehrani ljudi. Za njihovo određivanje u mlijeku korišten je standardni difuzni test (Delvotest MCS, proizvođača DSM Food Specialties, The Netherlands), osjetljiv na antibakterijske tvari kao što su antibiotici, sulfa- ostaci i ostale tvari npr. dezinficijensi, deterdženti itd. Uzorci u kojima je registrirana prisutnost rezidua upućeni su na brzi test koji za manje od sedam minuta otkriva širok raspon beta laktamskih ostataka (Delvo-X-PRESS® βL-II test, istoga proizvođača). Na temelju dobivenih i obrađenih rezultata utvrđeno je da postoje značajne razlike (P<0,05 i P<0,01) između ukupno registriranih rezidua, antibiotika i drugih antibakterijskih tvari u mlijeku. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju relativno jaku pozitivnu linearnu korelacijsku vezu između prosječnoga broja uzoraka po mjesecima pozitivnih na antibiotike, u odnosu na broj registriranih uzoraka s ukupnim reziduima (r=0,77). Na osnovi rezultata provedenoga istraživanja ne može se izvesti zaključak o većoj ili manjoj prisutnosti antibiotika u kravljemu mlijeku ovisno o godišnjem dobu; jesen, zima, rano proljeće, a zadaću sveukupnoga menadžmenta kakvoće treba i nadalje temeljiti na sprječavanju pojave antibiotika u svježem mlijeku dovezenog s farmi.Incidence of antibiotics and other antibacterial substances in milk collected for the market was studied. Seven months long investigations were conducted at the Central Laboratory for Milk Control of the Croatian Livestock Centre and involved 107.840 samples, or an average of 15.405 samples per month. Samples were taken from the lactofreeze at milk collection centres.
The research goal was to determine the incidence of antibiotics and other antibacterial substances in milk, and point to the need of applying integral quality management for prevention of the presence of antibiotics in fresh farm milk in the light of the importance of milk and milk products in human nutrition. The said substances were detected in milk using the standard diffusion test (Delvotest MCS, DSM Food Specialties, The Netherlands), sensitive to antibacterial substances such as antibiotics, sulpha-residues and other substances, e.g. disinfectants, detergents, etc.
Samples in which the presence of residues was determined were submitted to a quick test which in less than seven minutes detects a wide range of beta-lactam residues (Delvo-X-PRESS® βL-II test of the same manufacturer).
Based on the obtained and analyzed results, significant differences at both levels of significance (P<0.01; P<0.05) were determined between the total detected residues, antibiotics and other antibacterial substances in milk.
The results point to a relatively strong linear correlation between the average number of samples per month positive to antibiotics and the number of registered samples with total residues (r=0.77).
Research results do not allow the conclusion on higher or lower levels of antibiotics in cow milk in dependence on the season; autumn, winter, early spring. Integral quality management should continue to be based on prevention of the presence of antibiotics in fresh milk delivered from farms
