School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatian Dental Society - Croatian Medical Association
Abstract
Poremećaji temporomandibularnih zglobova manifestiraju se znacima i simptomima koji ne zahvaćaju samo čeljusne zglobove nego i žvačnu muskulaturu i okolna tkiva. Najčešći znaci i simptomi jesu: bol u zglobovima i mišićima, poremećaji mandibularnih kretnji, zvučne senzacije, hipertrofija žvačnih mišića, glavobolja i vrtoglavica. Ranija su istraživanja pokazala da 70% stanovniπtva ima bar jedan znak ili simptom poremećaja temporomandibularnih zglobova. No to je klinički potvrđeno kod samo 38% slučajeva (Mc Neill 1993, Nouralach H et al 1998). U naše istraživanje uključili smo 144 pacijenta s poremećajima u području temporomandibularnih zglobova (102 žene i 42 muškarca). Pacijenti su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine: lokalno stanovništvo (60,4%) i stranci (39,6%). Od ukupnoga broja pacijenata šezdeset četiri postotka žalilo se na smetnje pri otvaranju usta. No klinički je potvrđeno da takve smetnje ima samo 37,5% naših slučajeva. Zvučne senzacije bile su čest nalaz, koji je klinički potvrđen kao škljocanje u 88% slučajeva i kao krepoitacije u 11,2% pacijenata. Razmjerno mali broj pacijenata imao je bruksizam (12,5%), a artritis 11,1%. Mi smo također utvrdili da je glavobolja u oboljelih ispitanika bila čest klinički simptom (50,2%). Glavni znaci i simptomi poremećaja temporomandibularnih zglobova utvrđeni su u objema skupinama ispitanika. Žene su se češće žalile na bol u zglobu, zvučne senzacije i glavobolju nego muškarci. Lokalno stanovništvo je češće bolovalo od poremećaja temporomandibularnih zglobova nego stranci.Different signs and symptoms both in TMJ itself and masticator muscles and surrounding tissues clinically manifest temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD). The most common signs and symptoms are muscles and joint pain, mandibular movement disturbance, sound sensations, masticator muscle hypertrophy, headache and dizziness. Previous investigations revealed that 70% of the population complain of having at least one of these signs and symptoms, of which 38% have been clinically proved (Mc Neill 1993, Nouralach H et al 1998). Patients and Methods: TMJD was investigated in 144 patients (female = 102, male = 42). Patients were devided into two groups: local inhabitants (60.4%) and expatriates (39.6%). Sixty-four and half percent (64.5%) of our patients complained of having mouth opening disturbance, which was clinically confirmed in only 37.5% of cases. Sound sensation was a very common sign, clinically confirned as a click in 88% and as crepitation in 11.2%. A relatively small number of patients had bruxism (12.5%), and arthritis (11.1%). We also found headache as a common clinical symptom (50.2%). The main common signs and symptoms of TMJD were positive in both local and expatriate inhabitants. Females suffered more frequently than males, complaining of pain, sound sensation and headache. Local inhabitants had more frequent TMJD
