The taxonomy, chorology and ecology of Stachys menthifolia Visiani were studied in its north-west distribution area. Two new localities of the same species were discovered in the eastern part of the Biokovo Massif, showing that the species is spreading in a north-west direction. As these localities present the only sure and verified finding places
in Croatia, and as they form the north-west border of its distribution area, the autors suggest including this species as a rare subendemic in the next edition of the »Red book«, the vascular flora of Croatia

M.E. Šolić

Č. Šilić

The taxonomy, chorology and ecology of Stachys menthifolia Visiani were studied in its north-west distribution area. Two new localities of the same species were discovered in the eastern part of the Biokovo Massif, showing that the species is spreading in a north-west direction. As these localities present the only sure and verified finding places

in Croatia, and as they form the north-west border of its distribution area, the autors suggest including this species as a rare subendemic in the next edition of the »Red book«, the vascular flora of Croatia

Šilić, Č.

Šolić, M.E.

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Acta Bot. Croat. 61 (1), 51–56, 2002 CODEN: ABCRA25ISSN 0365–0588The taxonomy, chorology and ecology ofStachys menthifolia Vis. (Lamiaceae) in thenorth-west part of its distribution area^EDOMIL [ILI]1, MARIJA EDITA [OLI]2*1 Patriotske lige 22/XI, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina2 Institut »Planina i more«, Franjeva~ki put 1, 21300 Makarska, CroatiaThe taxonomy, chorology and ecology of Stachys menthifolia Visiani were studied in itsnorth-west distribution area. Two new localities of the same species were discovered inthe eastern part of the Biokovo Massif, showing that the species is spreading in anorth-west direction. As these localities present the only sure and verified finding placesin Croatia, and as they form the north-west border of its distribution area, the autors sug-gest including this species as a rare subendemic in the next edition of the »Red book«, thevascular flora of Croatia.Key words: Stachys menthifolia, taxonomy, chorology, ecology, Biokovo mountain,CroatiaIntroductionMore than 170 years ago Roberto VISIANI (1829) described the endemic species Stachysmenthifolia Visiani of the west Balkan at the locality of »Ascrivium« – the classical namefor Kotor (Montenegro). According to the Flora Europaea it is an endemic species of theBalkan penisula, spread in Albania, Greece and Yugoslavia (BALL 1972). Later on the pres-ence of this species was confirmed by HAYEK (1929) and ROHLENA (1942) in the Balkanpeninsula and coastal part of Montenegro, respectively. Further to the north-west less andless of it could be found (ROHLENA, l. c., BECK et al. 1974), such as at the locality of Ragusa(Dubrovnik) in southern Croatia (VISIANI 1847). During our long-term exploration of vas-cular flora, we found this species spreading along the coastal and in the continental part ofMontenegro. This species was not mentioned in the Flora of Croatia (DOMAC 1994). How-ever, the species Stachys menthifolia was mentioned in Index Florae Croaticae (LOVA[EN--EBERRHARDT 2000), which could be connected to Visiani's record (VISIANI 1847).ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002 51* Corresponding author: Phone / Fax: +385 21 611 256During our floristic research on the eastern slopes of Mt Biokovo, we found two newseparate populations of Stachys menthifolia. These findings are new for the flora of theBiokovo area.Material and methodsTo aim at thorough comparative studies and have better and more precise observationsof this species, abundant herbarium material was collected from the Biokovo area, and atseveral Montenegrian localities: the surroundings of Kotor and Virpazar, Grahovo andDvrsno field, the lower parts of Orjen and Rumija.Results and discussionNew localitiesComparative studies have shown that individual specimens of S. menthifolia in the Cro-atian localities do not differ from those from Montenegro. All parts of collected plants,from the stalk to the nutlets, were included in the comparative study.The new localities present the densest populations found to this day. In the Monte-negrian localities this species always appears individually or in small groups. The differ-ences are obvious in habitus. Examples in the new Croatian localities develop in exuberantclusters and the stalks are stiff and upright (Fig. 1).52 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002[ILI] ^., [OLI] M. E.Fig. 1. Stachys menthifolia Visiani in the Biokovo area, on the locality over the bridge over theMaticaThe new localities of S. menthifolia were found at the locations shown in the UTM mapof Croatia (Fig. 2).– UTM XH 98 Croatia: Biokovo area: over the bridge of the Matica, up to the village ofVina (south of Vrgorac), in the span around 30 till 130 m s.m., S-exp.; Leg. D. et ^.[ili}, June 19, 1998; det. ^. [ili} (MAKAR).– UTM YH 07 Croatia: Biokovo area: Plina near Plo~e, ca 60 m s.m., NW-exp.; Leg. M.E. [oli}, June 30, 1999; det. ^. [ili} (MAKAR). The population consists of several hun-dred specimens, which cover an area of about 1000 m2. The population under the vil-lage of Vina is bigger and more numerous than that of Plina near Plo~e.Herbarium specimens have been deposited in the scientific collection of the »Mountainand Sea« Institute in the »Herbarium of the Biokovo Region (Herbar Biokovskog podru-~ja)« (MAKAR).The phenosis of the flowering occurs at the end of May and during June, followed byabundant fructification.ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002 53STACHYS MENTHIFOLIAFig. 2. Localities of species Stachys menthifolia Visiani in the south-east of Croatia.  – a new lo-calities: XH 98 and YH 07,  – old locality: BN 62Taxonomy of the speciesThe proper scientific name of this subendemic species is:Stachys menthifolia Visiani 1829: Flora (Regensb.) 12 (Ergänz. 1): 14(Syn.: St. grandiflora Host (HOST 1831)f. menthifoliaf. puberula (Rohlena) Hayek(Syn.: St. menthifolia Visiani var. puberula Rohlena (ROHLENA 1902).The distinctive feature of this taxon is that its stem is short, glandulary, and pilose, and itis found only at one locality near Bar in Montenegro (ROHLENA, l. c.). This taxon was giventhe rank of variety (ROHLENA, l. c.), while HAYEK (1929) degraded it to the rank of form,which is more adequate to the morphological character.Examples in the new localities in Croatia belong to the typological form.Chorology of the speciesThe corresponding floristic literature, the material from the existing herbarium collec-tion of Natural History section of the »Zemaljski muzej BiH« Sarajevo, as well as our fieldexploration have shown that these new findings in Croatia present the north-west boundaryof its distribution area. The greatest population and, at the same time, the centre of thedistributiong is in the Montenegrin coastal area. The south-east part of the area is in Greeceand Albania (BALL 1972). These new findings do not form a continuity in their area acrossBosnian and Hercegovian territory (BECK et al. 1974), but present isolated exclaves andform the north-west boundary of area for this subendemic species. For this reason the newfindings in Croatia are even more important for better knowledge of the chorology ofStachys menthifolia, an endemic species of the western part of the Balkan Peninsula.Ecology of the speciesStachys menthifolia Vis. is a calciphilic plant, present in the fissures of limestone or inthe open limy rocky grounds, as in the new Croatian localities. In the majority of theMontenegrin localities the plants grow individually or in small groups, often in the strata ofthermophilic woods and the underbrush of pubescent oak (Quercetalia pubescentis), instone fissures, in open surfaces, while the habitats of the new Croatian localities are mainlyopen limy rocky grounds with denser populations composed of a larger individuals. Wepresent a list of species (in alphabetical order) in the locality under the village of Vina onBiokovo:Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy subsp. villosus (Gaud.) Sojak, Aethionema saxatile (L.)R. Br., Anthemis sp., Asplenium trichomanes L., Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv.,Campanula pyramidalis L., Cardamine maritima Portenschl. ex. DC., Centaurea sp.,Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Asplenium ceterach L., Chondrilla juncea L. (separately),Cichorium intybus L., Clematis flammula L., C. vitalba L., Colutea arborescens L., (indi-vidually), Cynoglossum columnae Ten., Ficus carica L. (individually), Foeniculum vulga-re Miller, Galium corrudifolium Vill., Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don fil., Helichry-sum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil., Hypericum perforatum L., Inula verbascifolia (Willd.)Hausskn., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Koeleria sp., Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl et C.,54 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002[ILI] ^., [OLI] M. E.Linaria simplex (Willd.) DC., Linum tenuifolium L., Melica ciliata L., Micromeria juliana(L.) Rchb., Misopates orontium (L.) Raf., Petrorhagia saxifraga (Ser. ex DC.) Link,Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass., Pistacia terebinthus L. (indvidually!), Punica granatum L.(individually!), Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Rubus heteromorphus Ripart ex Genev.,Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp muricata Brig., Satureja montana L. subsp. montana,Scandix pecten-veneris L., Scrophularia canina L., Sedum hispanicum L., S. sexangulareL., S. ochroleucum Chayx in Vill., Stachys subcrenata (Vis.) Briq., Tordylium officinale L.,Tragopogon porrifolius L., Trifolium arvense L., Vitex agnus-castus L., (individually!).The list was made on June 19, 1998. The nomenclature is adjusted according to the in-dex of Croatian flora (NIKOLI] 1994, 1997, 2000).ConclusionDuring research into the vascular flora of the Biokovo mountain area, two new locali-ties of Stachys menthifolia were discovered on the eastern part of the massif. Acomparativestudy has been made with live- and herbarium material from Montenegro, which is the cen-tre of the distribution. The chorology of this subendemic species shows its disjunctive area.Considering the north-west boundary of the distribution area of Stachys menthifolia on theterritory of Croatia, and the presence of two separate populations with a relatively limitednumber of specimens, we propose that this species should be inserted in the new edition ofthe »Red Book« of the rare and potentially endangered vascular plants of the Republic ofCroatia.ReferencesBALL, P. W., 1972: Stachys L. In TUTIN, T. G., HEYWOOD, V. H., BURGES, N. A., MOORE, D.M., VALENTINE, D. H., WALTERS, S. M., WEBB, D. A. (eds.), Flora Europaea 3, 151–157. Cambridge University press, Cambridge.BECK, G., MALY, K., BJEL^I], @., 1974: Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4. Sympetalae 3,12–24, Zemaljski muzej B i H, Sarajevo.DOMAC, R., 1994: Flora Hrvatske: 294 – 296. [kolska knjiga, Zagreb.HAYEK, A., 1929: Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Balcanicae 2, 290, (in Feddes Repert.(Beih.) 30), Berlin-Dahlem.HOST, T. N., 1831: Flora Austriaca 2, 169, Viennae.LOVA[EN-EBERHARDT, @., 2000: Stachys L. In NIKOLI], T. (ed.), Index Florae Croaticae 3,24. Nat. Croat. 9 (Supl. 1).NIKOLI], T., (ed.) 1994: Flora Croatica, Index Florae Croaticae, 1. Natura Croat. 3 (Suppl.2), 1–116.NIKOLI], T., (ed.) 1997: Flora Croatica, Index Florae Croaticae, 2. Natura Croat. 6 (Suppl.1), 1–232.NIKOLI], T., (ed.) 2000: Flora Croatica, Index Florae Croaticae, 3. Natura Croat. 9 (Suppl.1), 1–324.ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002 55STACHYS MENTHIFOLIAROHLENA, J., 1902: Zweiter Beitrag zur Flora von Montenegro. Sitz.-Ber. Böhm. Ges.Wiss. Prag 39, 10.ROHLENA, J., 1942: Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae. Preslia 20/21, 297–298.VISIANI, R., 1829: Plantae rariores in Dalmatia recens detectae. Flora (Regensb.) 12(Ergänz.), 14, Regensburg.VISIANI, R., 1847: Flora Dalmatica 2, 209, Lipsiae.56 ACTA BOT. CROAT. 61 (1), 2002[ILI] ^., [OLI] M. E.

The taxonomy, chorology and ecology of Stachys menthifolia Vis. (Lamiaceae) in the north-west part of its distribution area

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