Breeding of sunflower quantitative traits in function of increasing grain and oil yield

Abstract

U oplemenjivanju suncokreta krajnji cilj je stvoriti hibride visokog uroda zrna i ulja. Budući da su ovo vrlo kompleksna svojstva, veće ili manje heritabilnosti, važno je raditi na poboljšanju onih biomorfoloških svojstava koja na direktan ili indirektan način utječu na ekspresiju ovih svojstava. Na ova svojstva veliki utjecaj ima okolina, te je potrebno razlučiti genetske i negenetske parametre, poznavati heritabilnost kvantitativnih svojstava suncokreta i njihovu međusobnu povezanost. Provedena istraživanja na dvanaest OS hibrida suncokreta i osam svojstava ukazuju na statistički značajne razlike između hibrida u visini biljke, promjeru glave, broju zrna po glavi, urodu zrna, sadržaju ulja i urodu ulja. Većina hibrida imala je visok sadržaj ulja u zrnu (iznad 50%), visok urod zrna (iznad 3500 kg/ha), te visok urod ulja (iznad 1600 kg/ha). Urod zrna bio je u značajno pozitivnoj korelaciji s promjerom glave (r= 0,337*) i masom zrna po glavi (r= 0,351*), te visoko značajno pozitivnoj korelaciji s visinom biljke (r= 0,513**) i urodom ulja (r= 0,971**). Između uroda ulja, mase zrna po glavi i visine biljke utvrđena je slaba (r= 0,333*) do srednje jaka (r= 0,412*) značajna pozitivna korelacija. Path analizom je utvrđeno da je najveći direktan utjecaj na urod ulja imao urod zrna, zatim slijedi sadržaj ulja, a preostala svojstva su u neznatnoj mjeri utjecala na urod ulja.The ultimate goal of sunflower breeding is to create hybrids with high grain and oil yield. As these traits are very complex, with larger or lower heritability, it is very important to work on improving of bio-morphologic traits that on direct or indirect way have influence on expression of these traits. On these traits, a large influence has environment, and therefore is needed to resolve genetic and non-genetic parameters, to know heritability of sunflower quantitative traits and their interconnection. The investigations on the twelve OS sunflower hybrids and eight traits pointed on statistical significant differences among the hybrids for plant height, head diameter, grain number per head, grain yield, oil content and oil yield. Majority of the hybrids had high oil content in grain (over 50%), high grain yield (over 3500 kg/ha), and high oil yield (over 1600 kg/ha). Grain yield was in significant positive correlation with head diameter (r=0,337*) and grain mass per head (r=0,351*), as well as in highly significant positive correlation with plant height (r=0,513**) and oil yield (r=0,971**). Among oil yield, grain mass per head and plant height are found low (r=0,333*) to medium strong (r=0,412*) significant positive correlation. By path analysis is found that the largest direct influence on oil yield had grain yield, then oil content, and remain traits had slightly influence on oil yield

    Similar works