A compact high gain and wideband millimeter wave (MMW) antenna for 60 GHz communication systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a multilayer structure with an aperture coupled microstrip patch and a surface mounted horn integrated on FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 8.3% (57.4–62.4 GHz). The overall antenna gain and directivity are about 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi, which make it suitable for MMW applications and short-range communications. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 7.14 mm × 7.14 mm × 4 mm. The estimated efficiency is 82%. The proposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems

Hamsakutty Vettikalladi

Majeed A. Alkanhal

Waleed Tariq Sethi

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Millimeter Wave Antenna with Mounted Horn Integrated on FR4 for 60 GHz Gbps Communication Systems

A compact high gain and wideband millimeter wave (MMW) antenna for 60 GHz communication systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a multilayer structure with an aperture coupled microstrip patch and a surface mounted horn integrated on FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 8.3% (57.4–62.4 GHz). The overall antenna gain and directivity are about 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi, which make it suitable for MMW applications and short-range communications. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 7.14 mm × 7.14 mm × 4 mm. The estimated efficiency is 82%. The proposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems.</jats:p

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Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Antennas and PropagationVolume 2013, Article ID 834314, 5 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/834314Research ArticleMillimeter Wave Antenna with Mounted Horn Integrated onFR4 for 60 GHz Gbps Communication SystemsWaleed Tariq Sethi, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, and Majeed A. AlkanhalElectrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence should be addressed to Hamsakutty Vettikalladi; hvettikalladi@ksu.edu.saReceived 11 September 2013; Accepted 3 October 2013Academic Editor: Mandeep Singh Jit SinghCopyright © 2013 Waleed Tariq Sethi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.A compact high gain and wideband millimeter wave (MMW) antenna for 60GHz communication systems is presented. Theproposed antenna consists of a multilayer structure with an aperture coupled microstrip patch and a surface mounted hornintegrated on FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna contributes impedance bandwidth of 8.3% (57.4–62.4GHz). The overallantenna gain and directivity are about 11.65 dBi and 12.51 dBi, which make it suitable for MMW applications and short-rangecommunications. The proposed antenna occupies an area of 7.14mm × 7.14mm × 4mm. The estimated efficiency is 82%. Theproposed antenna finds application in V-band communication systems.1. IntroductionDuring the last decade, a lot of knowledge about 60GHzmillimeter wave (MMW) has been congregated, and dif-ferent architectures have been proposed and scrutinizedin developing commercial applications for millimeter wavecommunication systems [1]. Large propagation and penetra-tion losses at 60GHz make it viable for use in short-rangeand single room environments communication.The demandfor high-speed multimedia communications, such as real-time video streaming and huge data file transmission, areincreasing rapidly. One of the most promising solutions tofulfill the speed and bandwidth requirements is to make useof MMW gigabit wireless communication. Short-range highdata bit rate communication systems operating at 60GHzare considered today as emerging solutions for video datastreaming or video downloading needs. The recent trendon the development of millimeter wave frequencies systemshas led to many innovative techniques with their successfuldemonstrations in different applications.The elementary single element microstrip antennadesigned on a thin substrate has limited gain of 5–7 dBiand a narrow bandwidth of around 1.5%–2.5%. Efforts havebeen made to increase both the gain and bandwidth withthe help of stacked parasitic patch [2]. The aperture coupledmicrostrip patch antenna’s (ACMPA) feeding technique [3]has intrinsic properties which makes it an attractive featurefor millimeter wave applications [4]. Wide band operationof this type of microstrip antenna has been demonstrated atmicrowave frequencies (1–10GHz) using either single [5, 6]or stacked patch configurations [7]. However, this structurecan be optimized either for the gain or for the bandwidth.There is a need to increase the gain of radiating patch elementwithout sacrificing the bandwidth.One method to increase the gain of the antenna is tomake use of array principle, but the antenna size and feedingnetwork complexity become a limitation factor. The mostpromising solution to improve the gain of the antenna whilekeeping the overall antenna size within limits is to make useof hybrid configurations [8–14] where multiple antennas areexcited together over the same frequency range of operation.Costanzo [8] proposed a hybrid configuration to increasethe gain of an antenna by making use of circular waveguideelements, which were electromagnetically coupled to circularapertures via a stripline. Correspondingly, in [15] a surfacemounted short horn is used with an aperture antenna whereslant angle of horn antenna with respect to frequency isoptimized in order to view its impact on gain of the antenna.2 International Journal of Antennas and PropagationMetalRohacell foamHorn inner conducting wallsGround plane, t = (2 × 0.0175mm)Slot, 0.2 × 1mm2t1 = 0.127mmt2 = 0.254mmFR4, t3 = 1.6mmLayer-3Patch = 1.35 × 1.35mm250Ω feed lineLayer 1Layer 2(a)Rohacell foamaround thehorn t = 2mmMountedhornt3FR4 substratewith t3 = 1.6mmt20.254mmt1Rogers substrateRogers substrate0.127mmSlotFeed lineGround planeRohacell foamLayer 3FR4 and mounted hornLayer 2RT 5880 substrate and patchLayer 1Feed, RT 5880 substrate and ground with slotPatchStubCut inFR4WgL pWpWsLsWfL gWhLhWfr L frLayer 1Layer 2Layer 3(b)Figure 1: (a) Cutting Plane of a multilayer ACMPA with mounted Horn on FR4. (b) Exploded view of the proposed antenna.Another configuration uses a surface mounted pyramidalhorn excited by a rectangular patch antenna and a dipole asin [9] or by a patch surrounded by a resonating ring as in[10]. Use of superstrate with or without parasitic radiatorsis another method considered as one of the novel gain-enhancing techniques [14].In this paper, we propose a high gain and wide bandaperture coupled microstrip antenna with a mounted Hornon a FR4 substrate in the frequency range of 57–64GHz.The structure has bandwidth of 8.3% with a maximum gainof 11.65 dBi.2. Antenna DesignFigure 1(a) shows the side view of the proposed multi-layer antenna, while the exploded 3D view is displayed inFigure 1(b). The design is a combination of ACMPA anda Horn antenna mounted on FR4 substrate, where theInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation 30−10−20−30−40−50−6057 58 59 60 61 62 63 64Frequency (GHz)Selected Lh = Wh = 7.14Lh = 4 Wh = 4Lh = 8.7 Wh = 4Lh = 10.2 Wh = 4Return lossS 11(dB)Figure 2: Varied Horn dimensions.tWaveguideHornttttx xy yz zlg lh WhWhWhWg WgWgFigure 3: Dimensions of waveguide and pyramidal horn.waveguide part of the horn is integrated on FR4 substrate.Themodel was simulated and optimized using RF simulationsoftware CSTMicrowave Studio. The antenna is tuned tooperate in a wide band of frequencies at 60GHz. The multi-layer antenna has three substrates with layers 1 and 2 havingRogers Duroid RT-5880 with 𝜖𝑟 = 2.2, tan 𝛿 = 0.003and thickness 𝑡1= 0.127mm and 𝑡2= 0.254mm, whilethe third layer has FR 4 as a substrate with 𝜖𝑟 = 4.3 andthickness 𝑡3= 1.6mm and a mounted Horn. A Rohacellfoam of thickness 𝑡 = 2mm is placed around the Horn ontop of third layer. The addition of FR4 and foam has no othereffect, except to provide support to themountedHorn, on theantenna performance. The ground with thickness (𝑡 = 2 ×0.0175mm) is made of conducting metal with a rectangularslot perpendicular to the microstrip feed having dimensionsof 𝐿𝑠and 𝑊𝑠as given in Table 1. The patch is located onthe top of the substrate, at layer 2, has dimensions of 𝐿𝑝and 𝑊𝑝as given in Table 1. The dimensions of substratesand ground are taken as 30 × 30mm2 for the manufacturingpoint of view. The 50Ω microstrip feed line at the bottomof lower substrate has a feed width of 𝑊𝑓= 0.386mm ascalculated from Ansoftdesigner. The feeding mechanism ofthe ACMPA excites the square patch that feeds the metallicpyramidal horn with a thin wall (2mm).The horn has a greateffect on enhancing the overall gain of the antenna withoutFrequency (GHz)−10−20−30−4057 58 59 60 61 62 63 64151050−5−25−15−35BW with ACMPA = 3.4GHzGain with hornGain without hornBW with/without horn = 4.98GHzS 11and gain (dB)Figure 4: Comparison of gain and bandwidth of ACMPA with andwithout Horn.influencing the center frequency or the operating bandwidth.Table 1 shows the optimized values for the proposed antenna.3. Results and DiscussionThe effect on the simulated return loss, gain, and directivitywith and without FR4 mounted Horn is clarified in thissection. The addition of FR4 mounted Horn on ACMPAimproves the gain from 5.6 dBi to 11.65 dBi. The variations ofthe return loss with horn dimensions are shown in Figure 2.The addition of Horn does not affect the return loss. Thedimensions of the waveguide and the optimized mountedHorn are given in Table 1. Figure 3 shows the pyramidalhorn antenna with a rectangular input waveguide. The initiallength of the rectangular waveguide is chosen to be 𝐿𝑔=𝜆0/2, which is a half wavelength at 60GHz. The rectangularwaveguide length has an effect on the reflection coefficient,which is minimum when 𝐿𝑔is around 𝜆0/2. For the pyra-midal section we choose initial dimensions such that 𝑊ℎ=2𝑊𝑔and 𝐿ℎ= 𝜆0/2 [14]. Starting from initial dimensionsof the horn, we first adjusted the length of the rectangularwaveguide such that a minimum reflection coefficient occursat 60GHz.Next, the length and aperture size of the pyramidalsection were optimized to get the maximum bandwidth andgain of the proposed structure. The improved gain by theaddition of pyramidal horn was established by using the well-known gain expression [16, 17] given as𝐺 = 10 log 6.464 (𝑊ℎ𝐿ℎ𝜆2) . (1)After numerous sessions of parameter sweeping, we obtainedthe following optimum dimensions: 𝑊𝑔= 4.25mm, 𝐿𝑔=3mm,𝑊ℎ= 7.14mm, 𝐿ℎ= 7.14mm, and 𝑡 = 2.0mm.The 𝑆11parameters of the proposed structure withACMPA alone and after the addition of Horn antenna remainthe same at 8.3%, while the gain and directivity of thestructure without the addition of Horn is 5.6 dB and 6.68 dBi,respectively. The beamwidths of the 𝐸-plane and 𝐻-plane,4 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150Eco with hornEco without horn151050−5−10−15−20−25−30−35−40DirectivityAngle (deg)(a)151050−5−10−15−20−25−30−35−40Directivity−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150Hco without hornHco with hornHcross with hornHcross with hornAngle (deg)(b)Figure 5: (a) Simulated 𝐸-plane radiation pattern with and without Horn. (b) Simulated𝐻-plane radiation pattern with and without Horn.151050−5−10−15−20−25−30−35−40Directivity−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150Eco at 58GHzEco at 60GHzEco at 62GHzAngle (deg)(a)151050−5−10−15−20−25−30−35−40Directivity−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150Hco at 58GHzHco at 60GHzHco at 62GHzHcross at 58GHzHcross at 60GHzHcross at 62GHzAngle (deg)(b)Figure 6: (a) Simulated 𝐸-plane radiation pattern at 58, 60, and 62GHz. (b) Simulated𝐻-plane radiation pattern at 58, 60, and 62GHz.without the Horn, for the proposed antenna at 60GHz are89.5∘ and 91.7∘, respectively. Figure 4 shows the comparisonand improvement of gain and bandwidth of ACMPA aloneand after the addition of Horn antenna. With the ACMPAstructure alone having the same thickness at 𝑡1= 𝑡2=0.127mm, the bandwidth achieved is 3.4GHz.With differentthickness at 𝑡1= 0.127mm and 𝑡2= 0.254mm, the improvedbandwidth is 4.98GHz.The final bandwidth achieved is 8.3%(57.437–62.426GHz). The addition of Horn results in anincrease in the directivity and gain of the proposed antennaand has no effect on the bandwidth.Themaximumdirectivityand gain achieved are 12.51 dBi and 11.65 dBi. The simulationhas taken into account the substrate and metallic losses. Theestimated efficiency is 82%.Figures 5(a) and 5(b) show the comparison of the simu-lated radiation patterns, in both the𝐸-plane and the𝐻-plane,with and without horn for the proposed antenna at 60. TheACMPA influences the side-lobe level and radiation patternsymmetry of the proposed horn-patch combined structure, inthe 𝐸-plane and𝐻-plane. Thus for the horn-patch combinedstructure the 𝐸-plane has side-lobe of level −10.3 dB, half-power beamwidth of 34.9∘, and a back radiation of −18.11 dB.The 𝐻-plane radiation pattern has a side-lobe of −17.6, half-power beamwidth of 54.4∘, back radiation of −17.67 dB, andcross polarization level of < −30 dB. Figures 6(a) and 6(b)show the 𝐸-plane and 𝐻-plane radiation patters, of theproposed antenna with horn, for the frequencies at 58, 60,and 62GHz, respectively.4. ConclusionFrom many hybrid techniques available for achieving a highgain antenna with stacked elements, one ACMPA with a FR4mounted Horn for millimeterwave (MMW) application hasInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation 5Table 1: Parameters of the proposed antenna in mm.Design Antennaelement Dimensions/parameters (mm)Layer 1MicrostripfeedFeed width,𝑊𝑓= 0.386Thickness, 𝑡 = 0.0175Stub length, 𝐿𝑓𝑠= 0.865SubstrateRT Duroid 5880Length, 𝐿 = 30Width,𝑊 = 30𝜖𝑟 = 2.2tan 𝛿 = 0.003Thickness, 𝑡1= 0.127Ground Thickness, 𝑡 = 0.0175Length, 𝐿 = 30Width,𝑊 = 30RectangularslotThickness, 𝑡 = 0.0175Slot length, 𝐿𝑠= 1Slot width,𝑊𝑠= 0.2Layer 2 SubstrateRT Duroid 5880Thickness, 𝑡2= 0.254𝜖𝑟 = 2.2Patchtan 𝛿 = 0.003Length, 𝐿 = 30Width,𝑊 = 30Length, 𝐿𝑝= 1.35Width,𝑊𝑝= 1.35Layer 3 SubstrateFR4Thickness, 𝑡3= 1.6𝜖𝑟 = 4.3tan 𝛿 = 0.025Cut in FR4 Length, 𝐿𝑓𝑟= 3Width,𝑊𝑓𝑟= 4.25Horn HorndimensionsHorn length, 𝐿ℎ= 7.14Horn width,𝑊ℎ= 7.14Waveguide length, 𝐿𝑔= 3Waveguide width,𝑊𝑔= 4.25Thickness of metal horn, 𝑡 = 2Fullstructure Total height 4been simulated using CST Microwave Studio. An enhancedbandwidth and gain have been achieved by the addition ofFR4 mounted horn antenna. The simulated antenna satisfiesthe < −10 dB return loss bandwidth of 8.3% around 60GHzwith 11.65 dBi of maximum gain. The estimated efficiency is82%.AcknowledgmentThe authors thank the Deanship of Scientific Research,Research Center at College of Engineering, King Saud Uni-versity, for funding.References[1] R. Piesiewicz, T. Kleine-Ostmann, N. Krumbholz et al., “Short-range ultra-broadband terahertz communications: conceptsand perspectives,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 24–39, 2007.[2] R. Q. Lee, K. F. Lee, and J. Bobinchak, “Characteristics of atwo layer electromagnetically coupled rectangular microstripantenna,” Electronics Letters, vol. 23, no. 20, pp. 1070–1072, 1987.[3] D. M. Pozar, “A microstrip antenna aperture coupled to amicrostripline,”Electronics Letters, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 49–50, 1985.[4] D. M. Pozar and D. H. 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Selvan, “Accurate design method for optimum gainpyramidal horns,” Electronics Letters, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 249–250,1999.International Journal ofAerospaceEngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014RoboticsJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 Active and Passive  Electronic ComponentsControl Scienceand EngineeringJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014 International Journal of RotatingMachineryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Journal ofEngineeringVolume 2014Submit your manuscripts athttp://www.hindawi.comVLSI DesignHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Shock and VibrationHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Civil EngineeringAdvances inAcoustics and VibrationAdvances inHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Electrical and Computer EngineeringJournal ofAdvances inOptoElectronicsHindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.comVolume 2014The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014SensorsJournal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Modelling & Simulation in EngineeringHindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Chemical EngineeringInternational Journal of  Antennas andPropagationInternational Journal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014Navigation and  ObservationInternational Journal ofHindawi Publishing Corporationhttp://www.hindawi.com Volume 2014DistributedSensor NetworksInternational Journal of

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Millimeter Wave Antenna with Mounted Horn Integrated on FR4 for 60 GHz Gbps Communication Systems

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