Enamel hypoplasia in ancient populations is known as an indication of stress that is used to identify the malnutrition and diseases in infancy and early chilhood. In this study, the prevalance of stress in infancy and early chilhood, and the time of their occurance are tried to be identified by examining the teeth of two ancient Anatolian populations. The first of examined population is Tasmasor which was unearthed during the excavations in Baku-Tıflis-Ceyhan pipe line. Tasmasor graveyard was found in Erzurum and dated to Modern Age. The other population is İkiztepe dated to Early Bronze Age and which was unearthed from the graveyard of İkiztepe Hoyuk in district of Bafra, Samsun. The results of the study demonstrate that the frequency of enamel hypoplasia in Tasmasor population is %56,7 and %43,2 in İkiztepe. The difference between populations is statistically significant (P<0,05). That the frequency of enamel hypoplasia in Tasmasor population is higher is related to the differences in stress conditions in infancy and early childhood. Furthermore, the reasons of this are identified with different adaptational strategies determining nutrition and the health status
