B. Fassl

C. Maloney

C. Stiglmeier

K. Vlasic

M. Patel

M.C. Indart

P. Brahmbatt

R. Patel

Annals of Global Health

Directory of Open Access Journals

A n n a l s o f G l o b a l H e a l t h , V O L . 8 3 , N O . 1 , 2 0 1 7 Infectious Diseases Old and New e Implications for Global HealthJ a n u a r y eF e b r u a r y 2 0 1 7 : 5 9 – 7 065screening are currently lacking. This study examined the associationbetween risky sexual behavior and cervical cancer in screeningamong a representative sample of women in Kenya.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized secondarydata from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey toexamine 6,126 sexually active women who reported ever hearing ofcervical cancer. The main outcomes of interest were self-reportedcervical cancer examination, including Papanicolaou (PAP) test orvisual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or with Lugol’s iodine (VILI).Findings: Overall, 20.3% of the study sample reported havingcervical cancer examination. Approximately 13.1% of the partici-pants were involved in risky sexual behavior. Significantly lowerproportion of women engaged in risky sexual behavior reportedhaving cervical cancer examination (14.4% vs. 21.2%; p¼0.001).In the multivariable model, we found a significant interactionbetween risky sexual behavior and marital status on cervical cancerexamination. Among women who were married/living together,risky sexual behavior was negatively associated with cervical cancerexamination, independent of confounders such as age, education,household wealth index, parity, type of residence, total life timenumber of sex partners, age of sexual debut and access to healthfacilities (Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval) (0.43, 0.24 e0.76; p¼0.004). Similarly, married/living together women whowere involved in risky sexual behavior were less likely to have visualinspection with VIA or VILI (0.41; 0.19-0.90; p¼0.027). However,we were unable to detect any significant association between riskysexual behavior and having PAP test.Interpretation: With increasing rates of cervical cancer in low-resource settings, it is critical to identify populations at increased riskof infection and provide effective screening and follow-up services.Source of Funding: None.Abstract #: 1.017_INFThe Perception and Management of Acute and Chronic Painin Rural GhanaM. Harris1, A. Birdsall2, M. Birdsall2, C. Sparks2, S. Benson3,T. Dickerson3; 1University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,2University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA, 3University of Utah, SaltLake City, UT, USABackground: This article describes the perception of and manage-ment for acute and chronic pain experienced by residents of theBarekese sub district of Kumasi, Ghana. We were interested inunderstanding what types of pain were experienced by Ghanaians,how it affected their daily lives, and what they did to manage it.Methods: We performed field research in health fairs held invarious locations. We also sought to interview participants in theirhomes in door-to-door interviews. The interviews were performedusing a modified form of the “Brief Pain Inventory” (Cleeland1991) which is used widely to assess pain. The interviews weresubsequently coded for interpretation of the data.Findings: A myriad of types and intensities of pain are pervasivethroughout the Barekese sub district regardless of any specificdemography. Of the 618 participants interviewed, 63.84% reportedexperiencing acute or chronic pain in the past 24 hours. The mostreported locations of pain were the lower back (27.95%), head(11.79%), and abdomen (10.51%). Additionally, 49.75% reportedexperiencing pain that moderately or severely interfered with theirenjoyment of life. Furthermore, 83.16% of those experiencing painused some form of intervention for relief of pain.Interpretation: As there have been very few articles to address anunderstanding of pain experienced by Ghanaians, more research isneeded to further identify the overarching national problems ofpain amongst Ghanaians. Published research has also contributedlittle to assessing realistic access to pain management in the formof medical or pharmaceutical intervention.Source of Funding: University of Utah.Abstract #: 1.018_INFHigh Ambient Temperatures as A Cause of Neonatal Fever?Investigating the Association Between EnvironmentalTemperature and Newborn Body TemperatureM.C. Indart1, K. Vlasic1, R. Patel2, C. Stiglmeier2, M. Patel3,P. Brahmbatt3, B. Fassl2, C. Maloney2; 1University of Utah School ofMedicine, Salt Lake City, USA, 2Primary Children’s Hospital, SaltLake City, USA, 3C.A. Patel Hospital, Mota Fofalia, IndiaBackground: Fever in newborns is highly concerning for seriousinfections, prompting clinicians to perform a workup and initiateantibiotic treatment. High environmental temperatures duringsummertime may be associated with non-infectious temperatureelevation in newborns, yet little is known about the prevalence offever during that season.Our goal was to determine the prevalence of elevated bodytemperatures of asymptomatic infants <3 mo during routine examsin high ambient temperatures during summer in India.Methods: The study took place in Mota Fofalia Pediatric Center,in Gujarat, India and included randomly selected infants <3mo whoreceived routine (non sick) newborn care in the postnatal ward orduring routine post-hospitalization health checkups the home ofthe child. During encounters the following measurements weretaken: weight, heart rate, ambient temperature of the room, rectaltemperature, and presence of danger signs. Infant’s vaccinationand mother’s infection status were abstracted from the medicalrecord. Reporting is descriptive.Findings: 81 environmental and body temperature measurementpairs were obtained in 41 children: female: 20 (49%); mean age: 7days (range: 0-42 days). The average environmental temperaturewas 35.9C (Range: 34.4-40.4C); the mean rectal temperature ininfants was 37.6C (Range: 36.9-39.8). 14/41 (34%) of childrenwere measured febrile >38C with 19/81 (24%) of rectal tempera-tures elevated at 38.0C or above (Range: 38.0-39.8C). Ambienttemperatures in febrile vs. afebrile measurements were not signifi-cantly different (36.1C vs 35.8C; p>0.2). Febrile vs afebrile chil-dren did not differ with regards to age, birth weight, and vital signs(p>0.1). None of the 41 children exhibited signs of systemic infec-tion; 2/41 infants received systemic antibiotic therapy: one febrile formaternal fever, one afebrile for conjunctivitis). All children were welland alive after 1 week.Infectious Diseases Old and New e Implications for Global Health A n n a l s o f G l o b a l H e a l t h , V O L . 8 3 , N O . 1 , 2 0 1 7J a n u a r y eF e b r u a r y 2 0 1 7 : 5 9 – 7 066Interpretation: Elevated body temperatures in asymptomaticinfants less than 3 mo of age are common in high environmentaltemperatures. Further studies are needed to determine the clinicalimplications on this finding.Source of Funding: None.Abstract #: 1.019_INFKnowledge and Perception of Self Medication by the Peoplein Mbarara MunicipalityJ. Isiiko, K. Mawejje; Mbarara University of Science and Technology,Mbarara, UgandaBackground: Self Medication (SM) is one of the key factorscontributing to Antobiotic resistance. In 2012, the prevalence ofantimicrobial SM in developing countries was 38.8%. A studydone in 2014 showed that 75.7% of the people in Northern Ugandapractice SM. WHO recommends both dispensing and using ofantibiotics only when prescribed by a certified health professional.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among adultsaged 18 years and above attending any of the four randomly selectedcommunity Pharmacies for antibiotics in Mbarara Municipality inMay, 2015. Participants were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographiccharacteristics, knowledge on SM, presenting symptoms and reasonsfor SM. Data was analysed by computing frequencies, percentages forvariables, and running descriptive statistics on all variables. Ethicalapproval was sought from the Faculty research and ethics committeeof Mbarara University of Science and Technology.Findings: The mean age of the 104 participants was 32.4 years, 48males and 56 females. 87 (83.6%) had no prescriptions, 76 (73.1%)had ever participated in SM, 18 (17.3%) never had SM and 2(1.9%) were not sure. The majority, (57.2%) reported to have at leastsome knowledge about SM. There were significant relationshipsamong the knowledge about drug, level of education, severity ofillness and income with SM. The commonly self-medicated antibi-otics were Amoxicillin (47.7%) and Metronidazole (30.5) and Cotri-moxazole (11.1%). Majority of the participants (79.2%) did not knowthe phenomena of potential for anti-biotic resistance with SM. Theyalso perceived SM as being more beneficial as compared to the risks.Interpretation: Many people have insufficient knowledge aboutSM, especially the risks. Massive sensitization should be done bythe Ministry of health and community pharmacies should be involvedin this campaign. National Drug Authority should enforce strict lawson drug outlets in such a way that antibiotics are not dispensedwithout prescription. Cost effective drugs should be made availablein public health facilities and be accessible by the patients.Source of Funding: None.Abstract #: 1.020_INFAge of Menopause and Menopausal Symptoms in HIVInfected WomenD. Chawla1, G. Bachmann2, S. Jasani3, I. Ndagire4, C. Ayers3;1Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NewJersey, USA, 2Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, NewBrunswick, NJ, USA, 3Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,New Brunswick, USA, 4Women Health foundation Uganda, Kampala,UgandaProgram/Project Purpose: Of the 37 million persons living withHIV globally, 52% are women. Combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) has resulted in reductions in HIV-associated morbidityand mortality dramatically improving life expectancy. Most HIVinfections occur early in reproductive life with the potential toimpact reproductive health and aging. For women with HIV thisinfection appears to accelerate menopause, leading to adverse hypo-estrogenic consequences.Structure/Method/Design: A PubMed review of articles and webreports were conducted on menopause and health implications inHIV infected women.Outcome & Evaluation: Age of natural menopause is determinedby demographic (education, race, ethnicity), reproductive (parity,OC use, fibroids), familial, genetic and lifestyle factors (physicalactivity, weight, diet). Improper treatment of HIV, especially amongUgandan women, also affects age of natural menopause. Menopauseamong non-HIV-infected white, Hispanic women is on the average51 years, and that of African American women is 49 years whilemean age of menopause in HIV-infected women is 47e48 years.Various hypotheses exist to explain this difference and include thefollowing: 1) viral influence on HPG axis, 2) immune dysregulationas sequela of viral infection 3)Adverse effects of cART and 4) persis-tent inflammatory state associated with chronic HIV affecting theneuroendocrine axis. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, nulli-parity and low BMI are also associated with lower age of menopauseand are commonly reported in women living with HIV (WLHIV).In the general population older age at menopause confers healthbenefits as a result of protective functions of estrogen. The repercus-sions of early age of menopause in the HIV infected population areclinically important; this persistent state of hypoestrogenism subse-quently confers increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, osteopo-rosis, infertility, and psychosocial impairment.Going Forward: Menopausal sequela in the HIV infected popula-tion often go unrecognized by both healthcare providers and womenthemselves. Increased health risks secondary to premature meno-pause can have a tremendous effect on the health of this populationin addition to the greater health care system. Focus on identifyingthose with premature menopause within the HIV infected popula-tion with an attempt to mitigate associated health risks should beincorporated into routine HIV care.Source of Funding: None.Abstract #: 1.021_INFPerceived Cost Advantages and Disadvantages ofPurchasing HIV Self-Testing Kits among Urban TanzanianMen: An Inductive Content AnalysisL. Jennings1, D.F. Conserve2, L. Kajula3, J. Iwelunmor4, S. Maman5;1Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Balti-more, USA, 2University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA, 3MuhimbiliUniversity of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,

High Ambient Temperatures as A Cause of Neonatal Fever? Investigating the Association Between Environmental Temperature and Newborn Body Temperature

http://www.annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.142/galley/409/download/

High Ambient Temperatures as A Cause of Neonatal Fever? Investigating the Association Between Environmental Temperature and Newborn Body Temperature

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Directory of Open Access Journals