Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the large arteries and represents the primary cause of heart disease and stroke. The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not known. A variety of studies show that autophagy deficiency may be pro-atherogenic and the role of autophagy in smooth muscle cells, macrophages and endothelial cells has been investigated. However, to date no studies addressed the effect of autophagy on lymphocyte subsets playing a role in plaque formation and development. The present project aims to better clarify the role played by autophagy in lymphocytes homeostasis in human atherosclerotic plaques. We characterized lymphocyte populations in different types of lesion by using flow cytometry. In particular, we detected OX40 as marker for conventional T cells promoting division and survival of effector and memory populations and pS6, a marker for an active mTOR pathway and autophagy detection. The understanding of the role of autophagy as a further mechanism underlying lymphocytes stability may open new therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis
