A case of dystocia due to Cephalo-thoraco-abdomino-pygopagus monstrosity condition in a Murrah buffalo

was brought to the clinics and the fetus was removed by caesarean section

Gyan Singh

Karan Sharma

Ravi Dutt

V.K. Jain

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214Exploratory Animal and Medical Research, Vol.8, Issue 2, December, 2018Short CommunicationDYSTOCIA DUE TO CEPHALO-THORACO-ABDOMINO-PYGOPAGUSMONSTER IN MURRAH BUFFALOGyan Singh, Ravi Dutt1, Karan Sharma1, V.K. JainReceived 06 September 2018, revised 23 November 2018ABSTRACT: A case of dystocia due to Cephalo-thoraco-abdomino-pygopagus monstrosity condition in a Murrah buffalowas brought to the clinics and the fetus was removed by caesarean section.Key words: Buffalo, Dystocia, Monstrosity.Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, 1Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of VeterinarySciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.Corresponding author. e-mail: vetgyansaini@gmail.comMalformations of fetus are due to abnormal duplicationof germinal area which gives rise to the fetus with partiallyduplicated body structures (Roberts 1971). Conjoined twinsdevelop when incomplete separation occurs after thedevelopment of the embryonic plate at 8 days anddepending upon the site of fusion or non-separation, thetypes of the conjoined twins may differ (Noden andDe Lahunta 1985). It is estimated that approximately 10-15% of congenital structural anomalies are the result ofthe adverse effect of environmental factors on prenataldevelopment (Gilbert-Barness 2010).  Environmentalteratogenic pollutants lead to severe birth defects but theunderlying biological mechanisms of these developmentalabnormalities remain unclear (Haroun 2017). Conjoinedtwin monsters are characterized by duplication of anterioror posterior or both parts of fetal body and are reported tobe more common in ruminants. Nevertheless, anteriorduplication is more often observed in ruminants and swine(Hancock 1954).  Arthur et al. (2001) reported thatoccurrence of duplication is about one in 1,00,000 of thebovine’s births. Normal delivery of fetal monster has beenrarely reported. For delivery of fetal monster caesariansection or fetotomy is normally recommended. The presentcase study discusses about a case of dystocia in Murrahbuffalo due to Cephalo-thoraco-abdomino-pygopagusmonster condition and reporting of these cases tells theincidences of such type of monstrosities.Case history and treatmentAn adult Murrah buffalo in its 3rd parity was brought toclinics of university with the history of severe strainingsince 10 hours after the rupture of water bag. Per-vaginalexamination revealed presence of three limbs in the birthcanal accompanied with two heads fused laterally to eachother indicative of non-feasibility for delivery per vaginum.Finally, caesarian section was decided to be the line oftreatment for delivery of fetal monster. The operation wascarried out in ventro-lateral approach under localinfiltration and caudal epidural anesthesia after restrainingthe animal in lateral recumbency (Fig. 1). Uterus wasexteriorized and fetal monster was removed by   obstetricalmaneuvers after incising the uterus. Uterus was washedwith normal saline and incision was closed in routinemanner. Muscle layers and skin were sutured in routinemanner with chromic catgut (No. 3) and silk (No. 3). Properpost-operative care of the animal was taken withadministration of inj. Cefoperazone sulbactum 4.5 gm I.M,inj. Metronidazole   2500mg in 500ml I.V, inj. Flunixinmeglumine 100 mg I.M, inj. Rumeric® (Virbac India,multivitamin) 10 ml I.M. and inj. Vitamin C-7.5 gm I. M.for 5 consecutive days. An uneventfully recovery wasrecorded.The fetus comprised of single mouth and two headsfused laterally, single neck and four ears (Fig. 2). Both thetwins were male and had two pairs of fore and hind limbs(Fig. 3). Both the twins were fused along the thorax andabdomen (Fig. 4). According to the above configurationof body parts the monster was classified as cephalopagustetrabrachius thoraco-abdomino-pygopagus tetrascelus.Conjoined twins are non-inherited teratogenic defects(Shukla et al. 2007). Their occurrence is assumed to bedue to abnormal duplication at primitive streak stage givingrise to feti, whose body structures are partially but notcompletely duplicated (Noden and De Lahunta 1985). TheExplor Anim Med Res,Vol.8, Issue - 2, 2018, p. 214-215ISSN  2277- 470X (Print), ISSN 2319-247X (Online)Website: www.animalmedicalresearch.org215present case seems to be a non-inherited teratogenic defectof development, since there was no history of monster birthin the previous calvings. Dystocia due to conjoined twinmonsters, though uncommon, has been reported earlier inbuffalo (Srivastava et al. 2008, Jasmer et al. 2016).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors are thankful to the Dean, College ofVeterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University ofVeterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India forproviding all the necessary facilities for this study.REFERENCESArthur GH, Noakes DE, Parkinson GCW (2001) VeterinaryReproduction and Obstetrics, 8th edn. WB Saunders Company,London.Gilbert-Barness E (2010) Teratogenic causes ofmalformations. Annals Clinical  Lab Sci. 40(2): 99-114.Hancock J (1954) Monozygotic twins in cattle. Adv Genet(6): 141-181.Haroun SWH (2017) Teratogenicity and teratogenic factors.MOJ Anat Physiol 3(1): 35-39.Noden DM, De Lahunta A (1985) The Embryology ofdomestic animals. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 44-45.Roberts SJ (1971) Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases.2nd  edn. CBS Publishers and Distributors, India. 70-73.Shukla SP, Garg UK, Pandey A, Dwivedi DP, Nema, SP(2007) Conjoined twin monster in a buffalo. Indian Vet J84: 630-631.Jasmer, Singh G, Kavita (2016) Dystocia due to ischiopagusmonster in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A case report.Haryana Vet 55(1): 110-111.Srivastava, S, Kumar A, Maurya SK, Singh A, Singh VK(2008) A dicephalus monster in Murrah buffalo. Buffalo Bull27(3): 231-232.Fig.1. Caesarean section through ventro-lateral approach.Fig. 2. Moster delivered by caesarean section.Fig. 3. Monster with two pair of fore and hind limbs.Fig. 4. Monster with fusion at head, thorax andabdomen.Cite this article as: Singh G, Dutt R, Sharma K, Jain VK (2018) Dystocia due to cephalo-thoraco- abdomino-pygopagus monsterin Murrah buffalo. Explor Anim Med Res 8(2): 214-215.Dystocia due to cephalo-thoraco-abdomino-pygopagus monster in Murrah buffalo

DYSTOCIA DUE TO CEPHALO-THORACO-ABDOMINO-PYGOPAGUS MONSTER IN MURRAH BUFFALO

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DYSTOCIA DUE TO CEPHALO-THORACO-ABDOMINO-PYGOPAGUS MONSTER IN MURRAH BUFFALO

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