Natural hydrates are a form of the gas existence in depths and a promising source of hydrocarbon gas. Manmade hydrates in bottom-hole zones and wellbores complicate hydrocarbon production, reducing production rates. In oil and gas collection systems hydrates are deposited under certain conditions of temperature and pressure on the walls of the pipes and increase its hydraulic resistance, thereby increasing energy consumption. The presence of hydrates in streams of producing fluid increases the wear of prefabricated collectors, reducing their life. In hydrocarbon field preparation`s systems (heat exchange equipment, separators, throttle devices, ejectors) hydrate deposition degrades technological processes. Hydrate formation in machinery and equipment (compressor, expander) collection and treatment systems lead to accidents. In gas pipeline transport the hydrate deposition reduces its effectiveness. To solve problems associated with technogenic hydrates and gas production from natural hydrates, it is necessary to know the basic features of their formation.
The article contains modern concepts of single- and multi-component gashydrates formation (natural and oil), which occur in natural and technical systems. Authors hope that the paper will be useful to a wide range of readers, especially students and staff of higher education institutions of oil and gas profile, as well as professionals, industrial activity of whom is connected with production, collection, preparation and transportation of natural and oil gases. Based on the systematization and analysis of more than a thousand experimental research and practical applications in this area over the period since 1780 to the present time, the authors have identified some features of the hydrate formation from single or multi-component gases
