In Sahelian countries, farmer-led irrigation development has contributed to the extension of irrigated
areas in formerly state-led schemes, especially from the 1990s onwards. It has usually consisted of individual
approaches, revealing the unequal capacities that farmers have had to develop irrigated agriculture. However, in
some cases, farmers have performed collective practices geared towards achieving a more concerted and
equitable management of resources. This article is centred on such collective enterprises. It is based on a case
study from the delta of the Senegal River. In this region, where state agencies, donors, and investors have set the
tone of irrigation development over the last decades, the concerted irrigation development led by the inhabitants
of a small village (Thilène) can be considered to be a form of resistance. By drawing on the concepts of 'moral
economy' and 'assemblage', and using 'comparative agriculture' methods, we situate the emergence of this
collective action in order to understand who has governed it by what means or practices, and to know what have
been its outcomes. We see these collective actions as an alternative irrigation development pathway to that led
by the state and donors. The results highlight the contingent nature of these initiatives and the difficulties in
implementing adapted policies to trigger or boost their emergence
