The momogenean Dactylogyrus scrjabinensis Osmanov, 1958 was identified on the gills of the cyprinid fish Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) from Sirwan river, southeast of Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region, during the period from April to August 2014, in the present study for the first time in Iraq. The full details of description and measurements of this parasite are given. The prevalence and intensity of infection were 3.94% and 3.66 respectively

Shamall Mohammad Amin A. Abdullah

Younis S. Abdullah

Science Journal of University of Zakho

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Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 2(A) , No.2, Pp 299-303, 2014              299DACTYLOGYRUS SCRJABINENSIS (MONOGENEA: DACTYLOGYRIDE): FIRST OCCURRENCE ON THE GILLS OF CAPOETA TRUTTA FROM IRAQ  Younis Sabir Abdullah1 and Shamall Mohammad Amin A. Abdullah2 1 Department of Pathological Analysis, Sulaimani Polytechnique University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region -  Iraq. 2 College of Agricultural, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region -  Iraq. (Accepted for publication: December 22,  2014)  Abstract: The momogenean  Dactylogyrus scrjabinensis Osmanov, 1958 was identified on the gills of the cyprinid fish Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) from Sirwan river,  southeast of Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region, during the period from April to August 2014,  in the present study for the first time in Iraq. The full details of description and measurements of this parasite are given. The prevalence and intensity of infection were 3.94% and 3.66 respectively.  Keyword: Dactylogyrus scrjabinensis, Capoeta trutta, Sirwan river, Iraq.  Introduction The importance of fish parasites is directly related to the importance of fish that they affect (Hoffman, 1967). Monogenea are hermaphroditic, direct life cycle, generally permanent ectoparasites on body surface or gills of marine, brackishwater, or freshwater fishes, attached by posterior adhesive organ (Margolis and Kabata, 1984). The genus Dactylogyrus is the largest helminthes genus, with more than 900 species and generally has high host specificity (Neary et al., 2012). Most Dactylogyrus species parasitize cyprinids although certain species are adapted to the more advanced fish families. Furthermore, commercial and aquaculture exploitation of cyprinids caused examination of these species for potential pathogens (Gibson et al., 1996). A  major  identifying characteristic  of  monogenean  parasite  is  their  haptor  attachment,  anchors,  number  of hooks,  copulatory organ, gonads and  four eye  spots. These characters exhibit a range of intraspecific genetic or phenetic variation (Harris 1988).  The first information on genus Dactylogyrus from the Iraqian freshwater fish was given by Ali et al. (1986), who recorded D. cornu from six species of fishes from Diyala river, southeast of Baghdad.  In the present study, we have described and reported the occurrence of D. scrjabinensis from the gills of cyprinid fish C. trutta in Sirwan river, Kurdistan region, Iraq.      Materials and Methods Study area: Sirwan basin situated between latitudes of 350 05' and 350 10' and between longitudes 450 50' and 460 05', it represents a boundary of Iraq- Iran at the northern east of Iraq. The basin bounded by Biyara watershed at the north and west, by Darbandikhan lake from the south and by Iran from the east. It’s located within high folded and thrust zones, there were many mountains and valleys in this area especially in Hawraman area. Sirwan river stream is a perennial main stream which supply water to Darbandikhan lake. The main part of the area of this basin lies inside Iran (Barzinji, 2013).  Sampling: A total of 76 Capoeta trutta were collected from Sirwan river near Halabja city by local fishermen using gill netting twice monthly during the period from April to August 2014. The fishes were placed in a container with the local river water, and transferred immediately to the laboratory as soon as possible and were examined. The fishes were identified according to Coad (2010).  In the laboratory, gills of fishes were placed in a separate Petri dish with only small amount of tap water. Pieces of gill filaments were tiered by a fine needle. Worms (after leaving the gills) were removed from the water by a small pipette and placed on a slide, with a few drops of water. They were covered with a cover slip with glycerin-gelatin. A piece of melted glycerin-gelatin was dropped with cover slip onto the worms. The cover slip was dried by a blotting paper carefully, and the worms in glycerin-gelatin are cautiously thickened (Kritsky et al., 2004). Smears from the skin were taken by slide Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 2(A) , No.2, Pp 299-303, 2014              300scraping and examined directly under the microscope. The measurement of worms was achieved by ocular micrometer. The parasite identification and the terms used were as recommended by Bykhovskay-Pavlovskay et al. (1962); Gussev et al. (1993); Pugachev et al. (2010). Photos were taken with Sony Optical Steady Shot Digital camera model DSC-W570, 16.1 mega pixels.  Results and Discussion  The survey showed the occurrence of one monogenean belonging to the genus Dactylogyrus. The following is a brief account on this parasite. Dactylogyrus skrjabinensis  Osmanov, 1958 (Fig. 1):    Host: Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) Site infection: Gill filaments Prevalence of infection: 3.94% Mean intensity of infection: 3.66 Locality: Sirwan river, southeast of Sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Description: worms small or medium. Total length about 0.7-0.8 mm, width 0.10-0.15 mm. Length of marginal hooks 0.030-0.035 mm. Length of median hooks 0.050-0.060 mm, main part 0.035- 0.040 mm, inner root 0.025-0.030 mm, outer root 0.005-0.008 mm, point 0.15-0.020 mm. Size of connecting bar 0.008-0.012 x 0.035-0.045 mm. Size of supplementary bar 0.030-0.034 x 0.050-0.054 mm. Total length of copulatory organ 0.060-0.065 mm.  The description and measurement of the present specimen are similar to those reported by Bykhovskay-Pavlovskay et al. (1962) and Pugachev et al. (2010) for D. skrjabinensis in which found on gill filaments of Aral barbel from Amu-Darya river in Russia and on gill filaments of Luciobarbus brachycephalus from Central Asia respectively. Also, this monogenean was recorded on the gills of Barbus barbulus  and Capoeta capoeta from Armand river, Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province, Iran (Raissy and Ansari, 2012). This parasite was never been reported from any fish species in Iraq before. Therefore, the present parasite is considered as the first record in Iraq. By recording this species of Dactylogyrus (D. scrjabinensis) in the present study, a total of 78 species of Dactylogyrus become known from different species of fishes in Iraq. Among this number, 48 species were recorded in Kurdistan Region and most of them were found on gills of cyprinid fishes (Mhaisen, 2014).                                 Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 2(A) , No.2, Pp 299-303, 2014              301                                                         Fig. (1): Dactylogyrus skrjabensis A- Photomicrograph of the worm B- Photomicrograph of the copulatory organ C- Photomicrograph of the haptor D- Camera lucida drawing of the haptor E- Camera lucida drawing of the copulatory organ   c= copulatory organ; co= connecting bar; e= eye spot; ha= haptor; meh= median hook; mh= marginal hook; o= ovary; ph= pharynx; se= seminal vesicle; sp= supplementary bar; t= testes; v= vetelaria   A B C D E Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 2(A) , No.2, Pp 299-303, 2014              302References  Ali, N. M., Al-Jafery A. R. and Abdul-Ameer K. N. (1986). New records of three monogenetic trematodes on some freshwater fishes from Diyala river, Iraq, J. Biol. Sci. Res., 17(2): 253-266.  Barzinji, K. T. M. (2013). Classification of watersheds in Sulaimaniyah governorate based on database of some morphometric characteristics. IJPAES. 3 (2): 203-221  Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya,  I.  E.,  A.  V.  Gusev, M.  N.  Dubinia,  N.  A.  Izyumova,  T.  S. Smirnova,  I. L. Sokolovskaya, G. A. Shtein, S. S. Shul'man,  and V. M. Epshtein, (1962) Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U. S. S. R, Akad. Nauk, S. S. S. R., Moscow, (In Russian).  Coad, B.W. (2010). Freshwater fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publ., Moscow: 274pp. + 16pls.   Gibson, D. I.; Timofaeva T. A. and Gerasev P. I. (1996). A catalogue of the nominal species of the monogenean genus Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 and their host genera. Syst. Parasitol., 35: 3-48.   Gussev, A.V.; Ali, N.M.; Abdul-Ameer, K.N.; Amin, S.M. & Molnár, K. (1993). New and known species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from cyprinid fishes of the river Tigris, Iraq. Syst. Parasitol., 25: 229-237.  Harris P. D. (1988). Changes in the site specificity of G. turnbulli Harris, 1986 (Monogenea) during infection of individual guppies (Poecilia reticulate Peters, 1859). Canadian J. Zool. , 66:2854-2857.  Hoffman, G. L. (1967). Parasites of North American freshwater fishes. Univ. of California Press, Bekeley.  Kritsky, D. C.; Panndey, K. C.; Agrawal, N. and Abdullah, S. M. A. (2004). Monogenoids from the gills of spiny eels (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae) in India and Iraq, proposal of Mastacembelocleidus gen. n., and status of the Indian species of Actinocleidus, Urocleidus and Haplocleidus (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae). Folia Parasitol., 51: 291-298.  Margolis, L. and Kabata Z. (1984). Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada Part I.  National Printers Press,(Ottawa) Canada Inc, 209 Pp.  Mhaisen, F. T. (2014). Index-catalogue of parasites and disease agents of fishes of Iraq. Unpuble. (Personal communication).  Neary, E. T., Develi N. and Özgül G. (2012). Occurrence of Dactylogyrus species (Platyhelminths, Monogenean) on Cyprinids in Almus Dam Lake, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12: 15-21 (2012)     Pugachev, O.N.; Gerasev, P.I.; Gussev, A.V.; Ergens, R. and Khotenowsky, I. (2010). Guide to monogenoidea of freshwater fish of Palaeartic and Amur regions. Ledizioni Ledipublishing, Milano: 567pp.  Raissy, M. and Ansari, M. (2012). Parasites of some freshwater fish from Armand river, chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province, Iran. Iranian J. Parasitol., 7(1): 73-79.             Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 2(A) , No.2, Pp 299-303, 2014              303  ón‚íq@@@Žñí‚@óäb‚@Ûbm@õŠóÙäíØ@a†óîòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@ãóÜDactylogyrus skrjabinensis Osmanov, 1958@@ðbà@ñìí“îŠ@ŠóóÜ@a‹Ø@Šbàüm@×aÈ@óÜ@Šbu@ãóØóî@üiCapoeta trutta@@óÜ@çaì@õŠbiììŠ@óÜ@óØ@õŠí’bi@ômýóèˆûŠ@õŠb’@LðäbáŽïÝçbnì†ŠíØ@ðáŽîŠóèM@×aÈ@çaíŽïä@ñòìbà@óÜ@Lòìómóäìa‹ØüØŒìŠìóä@@bm‰îìýóØ@RPQTN@@Lòìímbè@a†óØòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜ@óÜ@óØòŠü‚ó“à@ñóäaíŽïq@ì@Òòì@óØ@o²Šò†@óØòìóåïÜüÙŽïÜçìíi@•ìím@õò‰ŽîŠ@@õ‡äím@ì@óÜ@çìíi@î‹i@çìíi@•ìím٣٫٩٤٪@@ì٣٫٦٦@Ûóî@õaì†óÜ@Ûóî@N@@@@@@@@ã‹ƒáÝÜ@ŠíéÄ@ßìa@@d“å¾a@ñ†bya@Dactylogyrus scrjabinensis@@óÔ‹¾a@óÝïnÜa@Ûba@â–þÌ@ôÝÈ  Capoeta trutta×a‹ÉÜa@À@@@@ó–þ©a@@@@@@@@Þïvm@ @@ ã‹ƒ¾ac“å¾a@ óî†byd@Dactylogyrus skrjabinensis Osmanov, 1958@@À@ ò‹à@ ßìý@óÙ@â–þÌ@ôÝÈ@óïÜb¨a@óaŠ‡Üa@À@×a‹ÉÜaÜa@óÝïn¾aÔ‹óCapoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)  @@@ÜaoÉ»@@æàéäâïÝÔa@LóïäbáïÝÜa@óÅÐb«@ðÔ‹’@líåu@Lçaì@‹@çbn†ŠíØM@×a‹ÉÜa@‹é’@¶a@Šaˆa@‹é’@μi@òŠí—a@òÑÜa@ßþ‚@L@laRPQTL@cì@Ò–ì@ ðÈ@ À@ ŠíØ‰¾a@ ðÝïÑÜa@ pbbïÔì@ LóaŠ‡Üa@ ë‰èójä@oäbØ@fia@ ò‡’ìóib–@٣٫٩٤٪@ì@٣٫٦٦@ðÜaínÜa@ôÝÈN@@@@@  

Dactylogyrus Scrjabinensis (Monogenea: Dactylogyride): First Occurrence on The Gills of Capoeta Trutta From Iraq

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Dactylogyrus Scrjabinensis (Monogenea: Dactylogyride): First Occurrence on The Gills of Capoeta Trutta From Iraq

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