The presence of pathologies in magnetic resonance (MR) brain images causes challenges in various image analysis areas, such as registration, atlas construction and atlas-based segmentation. We propose a novel method for the simultaneous recovery and segmentation of pathological MR brain images. Low-rank and sparse decomposition (LSD) approaches have been widely used in this field, decomposing pathological images into (1) low-rank components as recovered images, and (2) sparse components as pathological segmentation. However, conventional LSD approaches often fail to produce recovered images reliably, due to the lack of constraint between low-rank and sparse components. To tackle this problem, we propose a transformed low-rank and structured sparse decomposition (TLS2D) method. The proposed TLS2D integrates the structured sparse constraint, LSD and image alignment into a unified scheme, which is robust for distinguishing pathological regions. Furthermore, the well recovered images can be obtained using TLS2D with the combined structured sparse and computed image saliency as the adaptive sparsity constraint. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified on synthetic and real MR brain tumor images. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively provide satisfactory image recovery and tumor segmentation
