Transport as a one of the most important branches of the economy, every year, consumes a loads of energy.  It refers to the passenger transport and the transport of goods. There is a strong role of local governments across the Europe to decrease the impact of the passenger transport on the environment. This goal has been achieving by bottom up model of governance. Shortly, the bottom up model is defined as a strong influence of local society on the decision making. Usually the local policy on sustainable transport aims to promote the cycling as an environmental friendly mode of transport, instead of the car traffic.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3173

Sikora, A.

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

  CYCLING POPULARITY – DOES IT HAVE A REAL IMPACTT ON THE ENVIRONMENT?  Aleksandra Sikora Business Data Analyst Graduate of Lodz University, Poland  Transport as a one of the most important branches of the economy, every year, consumes a loads of energy.  It refers to the passenger transport and the transport of goods. There is a strong role of local governments across the Europe to decrease the impact of the passenger transport on the environment. This goal has been achieving by bottom up model of governance. Shortly, the bottom up model is defined as a strong influence of local society on the decision making. Usually the local policy on sustainable transport aims to promote the cycling as an environmental friendly mode of transport, instead of the car traffic. Across the Europe we can identify “Cycling Cities” – cities where cycling policy has been implemented successfully, and where the society rather use bikes than car modes to move within the city. But does it have a real impact on the environment? “The Future of Transport Analitical Report” from 2011, shows the situation on the roads per country. The document is based on the survey with people. Authors collected some important data about the rate of people who use the bikes, cars, public transport as a mode of everyday movement. Basic data from the report are attached below:  Source: European Commision, Future of Transport Analytical Report, Flash Eurobarometer, March 2011   This thesis pays more attention to cycling and to using car. There are two hypothesis to validate: 1.Higher rate of cycling results in lower environment pollution; 2. Lower rate of car modes results in lower environment pollution. Using the classical statistic methods we can see how the European Union is divided by the rate of cycling in the country. The most popular indicator to analyse the dispersion is a standard deviation. It will show how different is the cycling approach within the European Union. The average percentage rate of cyclist was 7,89%, the standard deviation was at the level 7,09%. V indicator (relation the Standard deviation to the average achieved 90% - very high level. It shows how The European Union is different internally in this field. Using the some modern methods of spatial analysis, we are able to join the rate of cycling and a rate of car modes and classify them from the best (less driving and more cycling) to the worst (less cycling, more driving).  Using the synthetic indicator we can classify the countries by final energy consumption in transport per inhabitants and the total greenhouse gas emissions per inhabitant, as well.                               The synthetic indicator is based on the Euclidean distance, defined by the equation: 201)(1jmjiji zzmd   It allows to build 2 rankings: First ranking: level of sustainability – by the rate of sustainable modes and rate of car modes, while the high rate of cycling is a stimulant and high rate of car modes is a destimulant. Second ranking: the level of the pollution.  Then, using the Spearman indicator –   Ranking 1 Ranking 2 Cyprus 27 23 Malta 26 6 Ireland 25 24 Luxembourg 24 27 France 23 12 United Kingdom 22 13 Portugal 21 5 Slovenia 20 14 Spain 19 9 Greece 18 16 Bulgaria 17 7 Italy 16 11 Austria 15 17 Lithuania 14 3 Estonia 13 26 Romania 12 1 Finland 11 25 Czech Republic 10 22 Germany  8 19 Belgium 9 20 Poland 7 15 Latvia 6 2 Slovakia 5 8 Denmark 4 18 Sweden 3 10 Hungary 2 4 Netherlands 1 21   )1(6212nndrnii,  the correlation between ranks has been defined. S=0,14.  The correlation is positive. Therefore the mode of the transport have an impact on the environment. Scenario Less Cars and More cycling has a positive influence on the air quality. However this impact is very low and we cannot say that the cycling policy strongly influence the  quality of the environment. However, the strong dispersions within Europe, could be a reason of such an ineffective impact of the cycling popularity on the environment, because the air is not staying in the one place.  Reference: Andrzej Balicki, Statystyczna analiza wielowymiarowa i jej zastosowanie społeczno-ekonomiczne, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, 2009 European Commision, Future of Transport Analytical Report, Flash Eurobarometer, March 2011    Економіка для екології: матеріали XIX Міжнародної наукової конференції, м. Суми, 30 квітня – 3 травня 2013 р. / редкол.: Д. О. Смоленніков, М. С. Шкурат. – Суми : Сумський державний університет, 2013. – C. 166-169. 

Cycling popularity - does it have a real impactt on the environment?

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

 
 
CYCLING POPULARITY – DOES IT HAVE A REAL IMPACTT 
ON THE ENVIRONMENT? 
 
Aleksandra Sikora 
Business Data Analyst 
Graduate of Lodz University, Poland 
 
Transport as a one of the most important branches of the economy, every 
year, consumes a loads of energy.  It refers to the passenger transport and the 
transport of goods. There is a strong role of local governments across the Europe to 
decrease the impact of the passenger transport on the environment. This goal has 
been achieving by bottom up model of governance. Shortly, the bottom up model 
is defined as a strong influence of local society on the decision making. Usually the 
local policy on sustainable transport aims to promote the cycling as an 
environmental friendly mode of transport, instead of the car traffic. Across the 
Europe we can identify “Cycling Cities” – cities where cycling policy has been 
implemented successfully, and where the society rather use bikes than car modes to 
move within the city. But does it have a real impact on the environment? 
“The Future of Transport Analitical Report” from 2011, shows the situation 
on the roads per country. The document is based on the survey with people. 
Authors collected some important data about the rate of people who use the bikes, 
cars, public transport as a mode of everyday movement. Basic data from the report 
are attached below: 
 
Source: European Commision, Future of Transport Analytical Report, 
Flash Eurobarometer, March 2011 
 
 
This thesis pays more attention to cycling and to using car. There are two 
hypothesis to validate: 
1.Higher rate of cycling results in lower environment pollution; 
2. Lower rate of car modes results in lower environment pollution. 
Using the classical statistic methods we can see how the European Union is 
divided by the rate of cycling in the country. The most popular indicator to analyse 
the dispersion is a standard deviation. It will show how different is the cycling 
approach within the European Union. The average percentage rate of cyclist was 
7,89%, the standard deviation was at the level 7,09%. V indicator (relation the 
Standard deviation to the average achieved 90% - very high level. It shows how 
The European Union is different internally in this field. Using the some modern 
methods of spatial analysis, we are able to join the rate of cycling and a rate of car 
modes and classify them from the best (less driving and more cycling) to the worst 
(less cycling, more driving).  Using the synthetic indicator we can classify the 
countries by final energy consumption in transport per inhabitants and the total 
greenhouse gas emissions per inhabitant, as well. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The synthetic indicator is based on the Euclidean distance, defined by the 
equation: 
2
0
1
)(
1
j
m
j
iji zz
m
d  

 It allows to build 2 rankings: First ranking: 
level of sustainability – by the rate of sustainable modes and rate of car modes, 
while the high rate of cycling is a stimulant and high rate of car modes is a 
destimulant. Second ranking: the level of the pollution.  
Then, using the Spearman indicator –  
 
Ranking 1 Ranking 2 
Cyprus 27 23 
Malta 26 6 
Ireland 25 24 
Luxembourg 24 27 
France 23 12 
United Kingdom 22 13 
Portugal 21 5 
Slovenia 20 14 
Spain 19 9 
Greece 18 16 
Bulgaria 17 7 
Italy 16 11 
Austria 15 17 
Lithuania 14 3 
Estonia 13 26 
Romania 12 1 
Finland 11 25 
Czech Republic 10 22 
Germany  8 19 
Belgium 9 20 
Poland 7 15 
Latvia 6 2 
Slovakia 5 8 
Denmark 4 18 
Sweden 3 10 
Hungary 2 4 
Netherlands 1 21 
 
 
)1(
6
2
1
2




nn
d
r
n
i
i
,  
the correlation between ranks has been defined. S=0,14.  The correlation is 
positive. Therefore the mode of the transport have an impact on the environment. 
Scenario Less Cars and More cycling has a positive influence on the air quality. 
However this impact is very low and we cannot say that the cycling policy strongly 
influence the  quality of the environment. However, the strong dispersions within 
Europe, could be a reason of such an ineffective impact of the cycling popularity 
on the environment, because the air is not staying in the one place. 
 
Reference: 
Andrzej Balicki, Statystyczna analiza wielowymiarowa i jej zastosowanie 
społeczno-ekonomiczne, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, 2009 
European Commision, Future of Transport Analytical Report, Flash 
Eurobarometer, March 2011 
 
 
 
Економіка для екології: матеріали XIX Міжнародної наукової 
конференції, м. Суми, 30 квітня – 3 травня 2013 р. / редкол.: Д. О. 
Смоленніков, М. С. Шкурат. – Суми : Сумський державний 
університет, 2013. – C. 166-169. 


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Cycling popularity - does it have a real impactt on the environment?

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