D. K. Tripathi

Hemant Dhongade

Mukesh Kumar Singh

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology

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 Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology  Volume: 12; Number 1; Year 2017  Cite this article as: Singh MK, Dhongade H, Tripathi DK. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Orthosiphon pallidus. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2017; 12: 93-94.  Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of Orthosiphon pallidusSir, Orthosiphon pallidus (Laminaceae) is a medicinal herba-ceous shrub widely distributed in South East Asia, and it is used for treatment of various diseases like fever, hepatitis, edema, jaundice and rheumatism (Singh et al., 2015). The current literature revealed nothing about the chemical investigation of O. pallidus except those reported by Regina (Regina et al., 2015). The objective of the present work was to perform phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of O. pallidus. The plant of O. pallidus was collected from local area of Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The plant was authenticated and identified by Mr. B. K. Shukla, Scientist-D, Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh (Voucher Specimen No. BSI/CRC/ 2013/1286).  The fresh whole plant sample was air dried and extrac-ted with ethanol, water and water-ethanol in a ratio of 50:50 using a Soxhlet extractor for 8 hours at 55–60ºC.The supernatant was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 1 and concentrated under reduced pressure using vacuum at 44 ± 1ºC in a rotavapor (IKA ® RB 10 Rota Evaporator, India) followed by lyophilization (Thermo Fisher, Germany and  Thermo Heto LL 3000). The lyophilized plant powders were stored at 4ºC (Prathapan et al., 2011). The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic (50:50) extracts were chemically tested using standard method (Kokate et al., 1994; Dethe et al., 2014). The concentrations of different extracts were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide and the antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method (Perez et al., 1990). The antimicrobial A Journal of the Bangladesh Pharmacological Society (BDPS) Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2017; 12: 93-94 Journal homepage: www.banglajol.info Abstracted/indexed in Academic Search Complete, Agroforestry Abstracts, Asia Journals Online, Bangladesh Journals Online, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Current Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, HINARI (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Open J-gate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOPUS and Social Sciences Citation Index  ISSN: 1991-0088; DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v12i1.30863 Letter to the Editor Table IAntimicrobial activity of Orthosiphon pallidus extracts Microorganism Concentration (μg/mL) Zone of inhibition (mm)  Ethanol extract Aqueous extract Hydroalcoholic extract (50:50) Gentamicin/ fluconazole (20 µg/mL) Staphylococcus aure-us  MTCC 3160  200 10 ± 0.5 10 ± 1.3 11 ± 3.6 21 ± 1.8 400 12 ± 0.5 11 ± 1.2 14 ± 3.6 800 15 ± 0.4 13 ± 1.3 16 ± 1.3 1600 16 ± 0.5 14 ± 1.2 18 ± 0.7 3200 18 ± 0.5 15 ± 1.2 19 ± 0.9 Streptococcus mutans  MTCC 890  200 9 ± 0.2 8 ± 0.3 10 ± 1.1 22 ± 0.1 400 12 ± 1.2 11 ± 0.2 13 ± 1.2 800 13 ± 0.3 12 ± 1.0 14 ± 1.1 1600 15 ± 0.3 13 ± 0.1 17 ± 1.3 3200 16 ± 0.0 15 ± 0.1 18 ± 1.1 Bacillus coagulans MTCC 492  200 11 ± 1.1 10 ± 1.0 9 ± 1.0 20 ± 1.6 400 13 ± 1.2 12 ± 1.1 13 ± 1.1 800 14 ± 1.1 14 ± 1.2 15 ± 1.5 1600 16 ± 1.3 14 ± 2.0 16 ± 1.3 3200 18 ± 1.2 16 ± 1.3 17 ± 1.4 Candia albicans MTCC 3017 200 6 ± 0.4 7 ± 1.4 9 ± 0.7 18 ± 0.8 400 8 ± 0.2 8 ± 1.1 11 ± 0.5 800 9 ± 0.3 10 ± 1.1 12 ± 0.3 1600 10 ± 1.6 11 ± 2.4 13 ± 1.5 3200 11 ± 1.0 12 ± 1.0 15 ± 0.6 Results are expressed as Mean ± SD of three replicates   activity of all extracts was compared using gentamicin and fluconazole (20 µg/mL) as a standards and dimethyl sulfoxide as control. The results of the phytochemical investigation indicate that ethanolic extract contained carbohydrate, glyco-sides, tannins, flavonoid and amino acid. The aqueous extract contains carbohydrate, glycoside and tannin and hydroalcoholic extract contained carbohydrate, tannin and flavonoid. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol, aqueous and hydroalcoholic (50:50) extract of O. pallidus was perfor-med and results are presented in (Table I). The extracts were tested against three bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus coagulans) and one fungal strain (Candia albicans). The results of antimicrobial activity shown highest zone of inhibition for hydro-alcoholic extract, when compared to ethanolic and aqueous extracts. All the extracts were found to be more antibacterial than antifungal. The antimicrobial activity of all extracts found to be comparative as that of standard drugs. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all the extracts of O. pallidus suggests that all the extracts possess potential sources of beneficial phyto-chemicals. The hydroalcoholic extract indicates highest zone of inhibition as compared to ethanol and aqueous extract.   Mukesh Kumar Singh, Hemant Dhongade and D. K. Tripathi Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari, District Durg, Chhatisgarh, India.   Corresponding author:  email: mukeshbiotech09@gmail.com  References Dethe UL, Joshi SS, Aparadh VT. Screening of bioactive com-pounds of Sesbania grandiflora and Pistia stratiotes. Indian J Adv Plant Res. 2014; 1: 27-30. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SG. Textbook of pharmacog-nosy. 4th ed. Nirali Prakashan, 1994, pp 107-11. Perez C, Pauli M, Bezevque P. An antibiotic assay by the agar well diffusion method. Acta Biological Et Medicina Experimental. 1990; 15: 113- 15. Prathapan A, Singh MK, Anusree SS, Soban K, Sundaresan A, Raghu KG. Antiperoxidative, free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities of Boerhaavia diffusa L. J Food Biochem. 2011; 35: 1548-54. Regina KMM, Adama H, Jeanne M, Odile N. Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacognosy of Lamiaceae species from central Burkina Faso: Leucas martinicensis (Jacquin) R. Brown, Hoslundia opposita Vahl and Orthosiphon pallidus Royle Ex Benth. Am J Ethnomed. 2015; 2: 219-32. Singh MK, Gidwani B, Gupta A, Dhongade H, Kashyap PP, Tripathi DK. A review of the medicinal plants of genus Orthosiphon (Lamiaceae). Int J Biol Chem. 2015; 9: 318-31.      94 Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2017; 12: 93-94 

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of <i>Orthosiphon pallidus</i>

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Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of different extracts of <i>Orthosiphon pallidus</i>

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