It is known that the exhaust gases consist of the following elements: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, soot, benzopyren.
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Tkach, P.U.

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USE OF RESIDUAL HEAT AND CHEMICAL ENERGY OF EXHAUST GASES  P.U. Tkach, group GM – 71 It is known that the exhaust gases consist of the following elements: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, soot, benzopyren. Fuel combustion efficiency is far from the maximum value and a significant portion of this energy (about 25%) is not used but thrown away into the environment as exhaust gases. So we decided to analyze the use of exhaust gas as additional fuel, i.e. try to restore some lost energy and thereby increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines. From the number of products that make up the exhaust gases we can immediately select the already mentioned fuel gas CO, and also the following gases – carbon and hydrocarbons, which can provide the growth of efficiency at the secondary use. But our work will concentrate on another product of the exhaust gases, namely on water vapor. Its existence in the exhaust gases is an indisputable fact and is confirmed by the relevant chemical reactions of fuel combustion: СH4 + 2 O2= СO2 + 2 H2О + 890 kJ (methane), 2C8H18 + 25O2 + 94N2 = 16CO2 +18H2O + 94N2 + 10124 kJ (petrol). To use water as fuel we should create conditions under which a water molecule will decompose into oxygen and hydrogen. The elements that we will get can be used for combustion in the working chamber. This is confirmed by the relevant chemical reactions: 2 H2О = 2 H2 + O2 – thermal decomposition of water, 2 H2 + O2= 2 H2О + 572 kJ – combustion of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen. Now we see that the use of water as additional fuel is really possible without the use of an electrolytic method. As you know, the exhaust gases leave the combustion chamber at temperature in the catalytic converter more than 700 oC. Clearly, this temperature is sufficient to convert water into steam, which can be sent to the working chamber for the decomposition into oxygen and hydrogen. We think that our ideas can be put into practice. Therefore, we propose a scheme of how to use water vapor as an auxiliary fuel, for example internal combustion for a car, image in Figure 1. Fig. 1 – model upgraded internal combustion  The idea is that we add water vapor to the combustion chamber of combustion engines. This pair is obtained when the water passes from the tank through a special catalyst in the exhaust tract, where the temperature is high enough to turn the water into steam. Then it gets into the steam tank with gauge set and a special safety valve high pressure. The control valve is installed between the tank and the steam injector that helps us control the flow of steam. Initially, this valve will be blocked and ICE operates in its normal mode. Then we open the control valve and the water vapor gets to the injector with air and fuel (methane), where working fluid is being prepared for the combustion chamber. There the molecules of water will separate into hydrogen and oxygen, which will change the composition of the fuel and make it complete combustion. This simple revision of our forecasts for internal combustion should significantly improve engine efficiency and reduce harmful emissions.  I.А. Kovalev, Ph.D, Professor S.V. Mikhno, ELA    

Use of residual heat and chemical energy of exhaust gases

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

USE OF RESIDUAL HEAT AND CHEMICAL ENERGY OF EXHAUST GASES 
 
P.U. Tkach, group GM – 71 
It is known that the exhaust gases consist of the following elements: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, 
carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, soot, benzopyren. 
Fuel combustion efficiency is far from the maximum value and a significant portion of this energy 
(about 25%) is not used but thrown away into the environment as exhaust gases. So we decided to analyze the 
use of exhaust gas as additional fuel, i.e. try to restore some lost energy and thereby increase the efficiency of 
internal combustion engines. 
From the number of products that make up the exhaust gases we can immediately select the already 
mentioned fuel gas CO, and also the following gases – carbon and hydrocarbons, which can provide the 
growth of efficiency at the secondary use. But our work will concentrate on another product of the exhaust 
gases, namely on water vapor. Its existence in the exhaust gases is an indisputable fact and is confirmed by the 
relevant chemical reactions of fuel combustion: 
СH4 + 2 O2= СO2 + 2 H2О + 890 kJ (methane), 
2C8H18 + 25O2 + 94N2 = 16CO2 +18H2O + 94N2 + 10124 kJ (petrol). 
To use water as fuel we should create conditions under which a water molecule will decompose into 
oxygen and hydrogen. The elements that we will get can be used for combustion in the working chamber. 
This is confirmed by the relevant chemical reactions: 
2 H2О = 2 H2 + O2 – thermal decomposition of water, 
2 H2 + O2= 2 H2О + 572 kJ – combustion of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen. 
Now we see that the use of water as additional fuel is really possible without the use of an 
electrolytic method. 
As you know, the exhaust gases leave the combustion chamber at temperature in the catalytic 
converter more than 700 oC. Clearly, this temperature is sufficient to convert water into steam, which can 
be sent to the working chamber for the decomposition into oxygen and hydrogen. We think that our ideas 
can be put into practice. 
Therefore, we propose 
a scheme of how to use water 
vapor as an auxiliary fuel, for 
example internal combustion 
for a car, image in Figure 1. 
Fig. 1 – model 
upgraded internal combustion 
 
The idea is that we 
add water vapor to the 
combustion chamber of 
combustion engines. This pair 
is obtained when the water 
passes from the tank through a special catalyst in the exhaust tract, where the temperature is high enough 
to turn the water into steam. Then it gets into the steam tank with gauge set and a special safety valve high 
pressure. 
The control valve is installed between the tank and the steam injector that helps us control the flow 
of steam. Initially, this valve will be blocked and ICE operates in its normal mode. Then we open the control 
valve and the water vapor gets to the injector with air and fuel (methane), where working fluid is being 
prepared for the combustion chamber. There the molecules of water will separate into hydrogen and 
oxygen, which will change the composition of the fuel and make it complete combustion. 
This simple revision of our forecasts for internal combustion should significantly improve engine 
efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. 
 
I.А. Kovalev, Ph.D, Professor 
S.V. Mikhno, ELA 
 
 
 


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Use of residual heat and chemical energy of exhaust gases

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SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)