Andre R. Barbosa

Ignace Mugabo

James Batti

Mariapaola Riggio

Frontiers in Built Environment

Mugabo, Ignace

Barbosa, A.R.

Riggio, Mariapaola

Batti, J.

Explore Bristol Research

                          Mugabo, I., Barbosa, A. R., Riggio, M., & Batti, J. (2019). Ambientvibration measurement data of a four-story mass timber building.Frontiers in Built Environment, 5(67).https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLicense (if available):CC BYLink to published version (if available):10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Link to publication record in Explore Bristol ResearchPDF-documentThis is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Frontiers athttps://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.University of Bristol - Explore Bristol ResearchGeneral rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only thepublished version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available:http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/user-guides/explore-bristol-research/ebr-terms/DATA REPORTpublished: 22 May 2019doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Edited by:Eleni N. Chatzi,ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandReviewed by:Hilmi Lus¸,Bogaziçi University, TurkeyShinta Yoshitomi,Ritsumeikan University, JapanIrwanda Laory,University of Warwick,United Kingdom*Correspondence:Andre R. BarbosaAndre.Barbosa@oregonstate.eduSpecialty section:This article was submitted toStructural Sensing,a section of the journalFrontiers in Built EnvironmentReceived: 25 January 2019Accepted: 07 May 2019Published: 22 May 2019Citation:Mugabo I, Barbosa AR, Riggio M andBatti J (2019) Ambient VibrationMeasurement Data of a Four-StoryMass Timber Building.Front. Built Environ. 5:67.doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Ambient Vibration Measurement Dataof a Four-Story Mass Timber BuildingIgnace Mugabo 1,2, Andre R. Barbosa 1*, Mariapaola Riggio 2 and James Batti 11 School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States, 2Department of WoodScience and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United StatesKeywords: ambient vibration testing, cross-laminated timber, light-frame construction, mass timber construction,operational modal analysisINTRODUCTIONAmbient vibration from wind, traffic, and human activities results into low levels of buildingmotion. As a result, ambient vibration collected data have been used to extract dynamiccharacteristics of a wide array of civil engineering structures. Among these, a few dynamiccharacterization tests have been performed on timber building structures, but only a few focusedon mass timber structures using different types of engineered wood products for the gravity and/orlateral load resisting systems (Worth et al., 2012; Reynolds et al., 2015, 2016). Since there is agrowing interest in design and construction of mass timber structures for multi-story buildings,it is important to provide dynamic data obtained from actual constructed projects.The dynamic features of buildings have lead researchers and design professionals to gainknowledge of how structures behave under ambient excitations offering guidance on serviceabilityperformance and insights on the structural performance of structures under high winds and seismicloading. Serviceability performance are of particular relevance for mass timber buildings whencompared to conventional concrete and steel buildings, due to the lack of available data. Dynamicdata for this type of building is necessary to understand the influence of overall mass, stiffness,and mass distribution on the modal parameters of the structure (frequencies, damping, and modeshapes), especially. The availability of these data can contribute to the effective design of masstimber buildings to ambient and wind-induced vibrations and the consequent occupant comfortand safety.In the past decade, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has been adopted for structural assembliesof some North American multi-story buildings. One of these projects is the “Albina Yard,” a four-story building located in Portland, OR, which is the first multi-story construction built using U.S.manufactured cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor systems. There is currently a lack of open-accesstest data on existing buildings using mass timber technology. This study addresses this researchneed. Ambient vibration data were collected on the “Albina Yard,” providing one of the few dynamicdataset for a U.S. building constructed using CLT members. An application and discussion ofthese data using two operational modal analysis (OMA) methods is presented in Mugabo et al.(2019)1. In the cited study, dynamic characteristics of the Albina Yard building were obtained,using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD; Brincker et al., 2001) and theStochastic Subspace Identification (SSI; Brincker and Andersen, 2006) methods. However, otherOMA approaches could be used and results compared to those presented in Mugabo et al. (2019)1.In addition, these collected data can be used for benchmarking future finite element modelingto estimate building performance under extreme loading. For this reason, the complete dynamicdataset for the Albina Yard building is provided to the wider research community for furtherinvestigation and dynamic data analyses.1Mugabo, I., Barbosa, A. R., and Riggio, M. (2019). Dynamic characterization and vibration analysis of a four-story masstimber building. Submitted to Frontiers in Built Environment.Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardFIGURE 1 | (A) Photo of the “Albina Yard” taken from the East side of the building. (B) Photo showing two uni-axial accelerometers with aluminum-coated bracketsattached to the CLT floor.This data report aims at guiding interested parties to thedataset and providing essential information for understandingthe data. Value and use of the data are listed below:• The data can be directly used to perform output-only modalidentification of the investigated structure.• The data can be compared to future dynamic data of the samebuilding, to investigate possible variation of modal propertiesof the structure with time.• The data can be compared to data acquired on other masstimber buildings.• The data can be used to benchmark finite element models ofthe same building.DESCRIPTION OF DATASETThe “Albina Yard” building has approximately 27.20 × 13.95mof plan area per floor and a total height of approximately 15.39mover four stories. The gravity load bearing system consists ofDouglas-Fir (DF - Pseudotsuga menziesii) cross-laminated timber(CLT) floors supported on DF glued laminated (glulam) timberframes. Light-frame double-sheathed shear walls are used for thelateral force resisting system. The building envelope is comprisedmainly of window glazing on the East and West façades andmetal cladding walls on the North and South faces. Figure 1Apresents a view of the building’s eastern side. Drawings of thetested building can be found in the dataset described below.More information on the structural details is presented inMugabo et al. (2019)1.The dynamic data collection took place in January 2017shortly after the building was commissioned. Data were collecteda weekend day to avoid interference with occupants’ activitiesand minimize the input from human-induced vibrations. Thebuilding was tested assuming ambient conditions (vibration fromexternal environmental sources, such as road traffic, wind, etc.).Approximately 2 h of ambient acceleration data were collectedusing 16 uni-axial accelerometers (Figure 1B) and one tri-axialaccelerometer. The uniaxial accelerometers have ∼1,000 mV/gsensitivity, acceleration measurement range of ± 5 g peak, afrequency range of 0.06 to 450Hz, and a broadband resolution0.000003 g root mean square (RMS). The tri-axial accelerometerhas ∼100 mV/g sensitivity, acceleration measurement range of± 50 g peak, a frequency range of 0.6–5,000Hz, and broadbandresolution 0.0002 g RMS. For the tri-axial accelerometer, onlythe measurements corresponding to the horizontal directionswere measured. The accelerometers were connected throughcoaxial cables (with a resistivity of 50 Ohms) to a portable dataacquisition system (National Instruments, NI cDAQ – 9174),which transmitted the data to a laptop computer with NI LabviewSignalExpress 2014 software (National Instruments, 2013). As-recorded raw data, without any filtering, are included in thepresented dataset.Overall, on each floor level, vibration measurements weretaken at the northwestern corner (between farthest beam tocolumn connection and drywall), center point (utility roomcloset), and/or southeastern corner of the building (betweenfarthest beam to column connection and wall). The utility roomis not at the geometric center of mass of the floor plan of thebuilding; however, it is estimated to be the closest accessiblelocation to the planar center of mass. At each of these threelocations, acceleration values were taken in the EW and NSdirections of the building plan.Data collection were conducted in two setups: setup 1 andsetup 2. In setup 1, the accelerometers were attached on theFrontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 2 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardFIGURE 2 | Power spectral densities of channels 2 and 6 acceleration datataken during setup 1.underside of the roof, fourth floor, and third levels. During setup2, four accelerometers were moved from the fourth level to thesecond level. The remaining accelerometers shared the samelocations for both setups. It is worth noting that the northwesterncorner of the second floor level was not instrumented becauseit was not accessible during the testing period. For each setup,the data were collected for ∼1 h, with a sampling frequency of2,048Hz. Figure 2 is provided to highlight the quality of the databased on two channels labeled channel 2 and 6 taken during setup1. The channels 2 and 6 measured the NS accelerations of theroof ’s northwestern and southeastern corners, respectively.The dataset has the following digital object identifier2 andis accessible for download to the general public. The datasetis named “Albina Yard Building Structural Monitoring andBehavior Dataset” and is located on the Open Science Frameworkrepository. Two main folders can be found at this repository: onefor the collected data, and the other for the supporting setupinformation. The collected data folder, denoted as “AmbientVibration Acceleration Data” contains two zipped files, onefor each setup. The “Supporting Information” folder containsfloor and elevation sketches showing the locations of theaccelerometers, and a file with coordinates of the accelerometer’slocations in relation to a column located at the SW corner of the2https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/34UB6building. The “Supporting Information” folder also contains sixfigures that present power spectral densities of all the channels’acceleration data taken during setup 1. The dataset contains ametadata file that provides units and abbreviations, a generaldata description, folder hierarchy, and data files informationby line.POTENTIAL USESThe dataset can be used for a variety of purposes relatedto the field of operational modal analysis (OMA). Previousoperational modal analysis using these data were conducted byMugabo et al. (2019) using two OMA methods: the enhancedfrequency domain decomposition, and the stochastic subspaceidentification. The data can be analyzed using the many availableOMA methods (Reynders, 2012). Several tasks could be ofinterest to researchers using these data. Studying optimal sensorslocations and mechanical vibration induced noise are someamong the tasks that can be of interest to researchers inregard to these data. In addition, these data can be usedto support finite element model development and updating,since building information is also provided and included inMugabo et al. (2019)1.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSThe data described in this report are related to a series ofexperiments devised within the framework of a multiscaleresearch project—SMART-CLT, aimed to establish a holisticperformance-monitoring protocol for mass timber buildings.The project was led by MR, with co-Pi AB as main experton dynamic monitoring. IM is, at the time of writing, aPh.D. candidate in a dual major in Civil Engineering andWood Science at Oregon State University. IM is co-advisedby AB and MR. The experimental study conducted at AlbinaYard will also be part of his Ph.D. thesis titled Multi-scale Dynamic Monitoring and Behavior of Cross-LaminatedTimber Elements and Systems. JB participated in the designof the experimental setup, troubleshooting, and in datacollection. All authors participated in the design of thedynamic monitoring plan and sensor setup, and in the dataacquisition phase.FUNDINGFunding for this study was provided by the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS)Agreement No. 58-0202-5-001 through the TallWood DesignInstitute at Oregon State University. This study was alsofunded by the McIntire Stennis project (contract number1009740) provided by the National Institute of Food andAgriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first authorreceived a Graduate Teaching Assistantship from the School ofCivil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State during theyear in which data collection was conducted.Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 3 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to acknowledge the individualswho helped with the data collection namely Dr. RajendraSoti, Dr. Leonardo Rodrigues, and Evan Schmidt. Theauthors would like to thank the building owner (reworksInc.) and Lever Architecture for providing access tothe building.REFERENCESBrincker, R., and Andersen, P. (2006). “Understanding stochasticsubspace identification,” in Proceeding 24th IMAC. St. Louis, MO,279–311.Brincker, R., Zhang, L., and Andersen, P. (2001). Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition. Smart Mater. Struct. 10,441–445. doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/303National Instruments (2013). SignalExpress: Getting Started with SignalExpress.Austin, TX. Available online at: http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/373873h.pdfReynders, E. (2012). System identification methods for (operational) modalanalysis: review and comparison. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 19, 51–124.doi: 10.1007/s11831-012-9069-xReynolds, T., Casagrande, D., and Tomasi, R. (2016). Comparison of multi-storey cross-laminated timber and timber frame buildings by in situ modalanalysis. Constr. Build. Mater. 102, 1009–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.056Reynolds, T., Harris, R., Chang, W.-S., Bregulla, J., and Bawcombe, J.(2015). Ambient vibration tests of a cross-laminated timber building.Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Constr. Mater. 168, 121–131. doi: 10.1680/coma.14.00047Worth, M., Gaul, A., Jager, S., Omenzetter, P., and Morris, H. (2012). “Dynamicperformance assessment of a multistorey timber building via ambient andforced vibration testing, continuous seismic monitoring and finite elementmodel updating,” inWorld Conference on Timber Engineering 2012. Auckland,New Zealand.Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research wasconducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that couldbe construed as a potential conflict of interest.Copyright © 2019 Mugabo, Barbosa, Riggio and Batti. This is an open-access articledistributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided theoriginal author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the originalpublication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with theseterms.Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 4 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67

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Ambient vibration measurement data of a four-story mass timber building

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DATA REPORTpublished: 22 May 2019doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Edited by:Eleni N. Chatzi,ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandReviewed by:Hilmi Luş,Bogaziçi University, TurkeyShinta Yoshitomi,Ritsumeikan University, JapanIrwanda Laory,University of Warwick,United Kingdom*Correspondence:Andre R. BarbosaAndre.Barbosa@oregonstate.eduSpecialty section:This article was submitted toStructural Sensing,a section of the journalFrontiers in Built EnvironmentReceived: 25 January 2019Accepted: 07 May 2019Published: 22 May 2019Citation:Mugabo I, Barbosa AR, Riggio M andBatti J (2019) Ambient VibrationMeasurement Data of a Four-StoryMass Timber Building.Front. Built Environ. 5:67.doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00067Ambient Vibration Measurement Dataof a Four-Story Mass Timber BuildingIgnace Mugabo 1,2, Andre R. Barbosa 1*, Mariapaola Riggio 2 and James Batti 11 School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States, 2Department of WoodScience and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United StatesKeywords: ambient vibration testing, cross-laminated timber, light-frame construction, mass timber construction,operational modal analysisINTRODUCTIONAmbient vibration from wind, traffic, and human activities results into low levels of buildingmotion. As a result, ambient vibration collected data have been used to extract dynamiccharacteristics of a wide array of civil engineering structures. Among these, a few dynamiccharacterization tests have been performed on timber building structures, but only a few focusedon mass timber structures using different types of engineered wood products for the gravity and/orlateral load resisting systems (Worth et al., 2012; Reynolds et al., 2015, 2016). Since there is agrowing interest in design and construction of mass timber structures for multi-story buildings,it is important to provide dynamic data obtained from actual constructed projects.The dynamic features of buildings have lead researchers and design professionals to gainknowledge of how structures behave under ambient excitations offering guidance on serviceabilityperformance and insights on the structural performance of structures under high winds and seismicloading. Serviceability performance are of particular relevance for mass timber buildings whencompared to conventional concrete and steel buildings, due to the lack of available data. Dynamicdata for this type of building is necessary to understand the influence of overall mass, stiffness,and mass distribution on the modal parameters of the structure (frequencies, damping, and modeshapes), especially. The availability of these data can contribute to the effective design of masstimber buildings to ambient and wind-induced vibrations and the consequent occupant comfortand safety.In the past decade, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has been adopted for structural assembliesof some North American multi-story buildings. One of these projects is the “Albina Yard,” a four-story building located in Portland, OR, which is the first multi-story construction built using U.S.manufactured cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor systems. There is currently a lack of open-accesstest data on existing buildings using mass timber technology. This study addresses this researchneed. Ambient vibration data were collected on the “Albina Yard,” providing one of the few dynamicdataset for a U.S. building constructed using CLT members. An application and discussion ofthese data using two operational modal analysis (OMA) methods is presented in Mugabo et al.(2019)1. In the cited study, dynamic characteristics of the Albina Yard building were obtained,using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD; Brincker et al., 2001) and theStochastic Subspace Identification (SSI; Brincker and Andersen, 2006) methods. However, otherOMA approaches could be used and results compared to those presented in Mugabo et al. (2019)1.In addition, these collected data can be used for benchmarking future finite element modelingto estimate building performance under extreme loading. For this reason, the complete dynamicdataset for the Albina Yard building is provided to the wider research community for furtherinvestigation and dynamic data analyses.1Mugabo, I., Barbosa, A. R., and Riggio, M. (2019). Dynamic characterization and vibration analysis of a four-story masstimber building. Submitted to Frontiers in Built Environment.Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardFIGURE 1 | (A) Photo of the “Albina Yard” taken from the East side of the building. (B) Photo showing two uni-axial accelerometers with aluminum-coated bracketsattached to the CLT floor.This data report aims at guiding interested parties to thedataset and providing essential information for understandingthe data. Value and use of the data are listed below:• The data can be directly used to perform output-only modalidentification of the investigated structure.• The data can be compared to future dynamic data of the samebuilding, to investigate possible variation of modal propertiesof the structure with time.• The data can be compared to data acquired on other masstimber buildings.• The data can be used to benchmark finite element models ofthe same building.DESCRIPTION OF DATASETThe “Albina Yard” building has approximately 27.20 × 13.95mof plan area per floor and a total height of approximately 15.39mover four stories. The gravity load bearing system consists ofDouglas-Fir (DF - Pseudotsuga menziesii) cross-laminated timber(CLT) floors supported on DF glued laminated (glulam) timberframes. Light-frame double-sheathed shear walls are used for thelateral force resisting system. The building envelope is comprisedmainly of window glazing on the East and West façades andmetal cladding walls on the North and South faces. Figure 1Apresents a view of the building’s eastern side. Drawings of thetested building can be found in the dataset described below.More information on the structural details is presented inMugabo et al. (2019)1.The dynamic data collection took place in January 2017shortly after the building was commissioned. Data were collecteda weekend day to avoid interference with occupants’ activitiesand minimize the input from human-induced vibrations. Thebuilding was tested assuming ambient conditions (vibration fromexternal environmental sources, such as road traffic, wind, etc.).Approximately 2 h of ambient acceleration data were collectedusing 16 uni-axial accelerometers (Figure 1B) and one tri-axialaccelerometer. The uniaxial accelerometers have ∼1,000 mV/gsensitivity, acceleration measurement range of ± 5 g peak, afrequency range of 0.06 to 450Hz, and a broadband resolution0.000003 g root mean square (RMS). The tri-axial accelerometerhas ∼100 mV/g sensitivity, acceleration measurement range of± 50 g peak, a frequency range of 0.6–5,000Hz, and broadbandresolution 0.0002 g RMS. For the tri-axial accelerometer, onlythe measurements corresponding to the horizontal directionswere measured. The accelerometers were connected throughcoaxial cables (with a resistivity of 50 Ohms) to a portable dataacquisition system (National Instruments, NI cDAQ – 9174),which transmitted the data to a laptop computer with NI LabviewSignalExpress 2014 software (National Instruments, 2013). As-recorded raw data, without any filtering, are included in thepresented dataset.Overall, on each floor level, vibration measurements weretaken at the northwestern corner (between farthest beam tocolumn connection and drywall), center point (utility roomcloset), and/or southeastern corner of the building (betweenfarthest beam to column connection and wall). The utility roomis not at the geometric center of mass of the floor plan of thebuilding; however, it is estimated to be the closest accessiblelocation to the planar center of mass. At each of these threelocations, acceleration values were taken in the EW and NSdirections of the building plan.Data collection were conducted in two setups: setup 1 andsetup 2. In setup 1, the accelerometers were attached on theFrontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 2 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardFIGURE 2 | Power spectral densities of channels 2 and 6 acceleration datataken during setup 1.underside of the roof, fourth floor, and third levels. During setup2, four accelerometers were moved from the fourth level to thesecond level. The remaining accelerometers shared the samelocations for both setups. It is worth noting that the northwesterncorner of the second floor level was not instrumented becauseit was not accessible during the testing period. For each setup,the data were collected for ∼1 h, with a sampling frequency of2,048Hz. Figure 2 is provided to highlight the quality of the databased on two channels labeled channel 2 and 6 taken during setup1. The channels 2 and 6 measured the NS accelerations of theroof ’s northwestern and southeastern corners, respectively.The dataset has the following digital object identifier2 andis accessible for download to the general public. The datasetis named “Albina Yard Building Structural Monitoring andBehavior Dataset” and is located on the Open Science Frameworkrepository. Two main folders can be found at this repository: onefor the collected data, and the other for the supporting setupinformation. The collected data folder, denoted as “AmbientVibration Acceleration Data” contains two zipped files, onefor each setup. The “Supporting Information” folder containsfloor and elevation sketches showing the locations of theaccelerometers, and a file with coordinates of the accelerometer’slocations in relation to a column located at the SW corner of the2https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/34UB6building. The “Supporting Information” folder also contains sixfigures that present power spectral densities of all the channels’acceleration data taken during setup 1. The dataset contains ametadata file that provides units and abbreviations, a generaldata description, folder hierarchy, and data files informationby line.POTENTIAL USESThe dataset can be used for a variety of purposes relatedto the field of operational modal analysis (OMA). Previousoperational modal analysis using these data were conducted byMugabo et al. (2019) using two OMA methods: the enhancedfrequency domain decomposition, and the stochastic subspaceidentification. The data can be analyzed using the many availableOMA methods (Reynders, 2012). Several tasks could be ofinterest to researchers using these data. Studying optimal sensorslocations and mechanical vibration induced noise are someamong the tasks that can be of interest to researchers inregard to these data. In addition, these data can be usedto support finite element model development and updating,since building information is also provided and included inMugabo et al. (2019)1.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSThe data described in this report are related to a series ofexperiments devised within the framework of a multiscaleresearch project—SMART-CLT, aimed to establish a holisticperformance-monitoring protocol for mass timber buildings.The project was led by MR, with co-Pi AB as main experton dynamic monitoring. IM is, at the time of writing, aPh.D. candidate in a dual major in Civil Engineering andWood Science at Oregon State University. IM is co-advisedby AB and MR. The experimental study conducted at AlbinaYard will also be part of his Ph.D. thesis titled Multi-scale Dynamic Monitoring and Behavior of Cross-LaminatedTimber Elements and Systems. JB participated in the designof the experimental setup, troubleshooting, and in datacollection. All authors participated in the design of thedynamic monitoring plan and sensor setup, and in the dataacquisition phase.FUNDINGFunding for this study was provided by the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS)Agreement No. 58-0202-5-001 through the TallWood DesignInstitute at Oregon State University. This study was alsofunded by the McIntire Stennis project (contract number1009740) provided by the National Institute of Food andAgriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The first authorreceived a Graduate Teaching Assistantship from the School ofCivil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State during theyear in which data collection was conducted.Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 3 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67Mugabo et al. AV Data on Albina YardACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to acknowledge the individualswho helped with the data collection namely Dr. RajendraSoti, Dr. Leonardo Rodrigues, and Evan Schmidt. Theauthors would like to thank the building owner (reworksInc.) and Lever Architecture for providing access tothe building.REFERENCESBrincker, R., and Andersen, P. (2006). “Understanding stochasticsubspace identification,” in Proceeding 24th IMAC. St. Louis, MO,279–311.Brincker, R., Zhang, L., and Andersen, P. (2001). Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition. Smart Mater. Struct. 10,441–445. doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/303National Instruments (2013). SignalExpress: Getting Started with SignalExpress.Austin, TX. Available online at: http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/373873h.pdfReynders, E. (2012). System identification methods for (operational) modalanalysis: review and comparison. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 19, 51–124.doi: 10.1007/s11831-012-9069-xReynolds, T., Casagrande, D., and Tomasi, R. (2016). Comparison of multi-storey cross-laminated timber and timber frame buildings by in situ modalanalysis. Constr. Build. Mater. 102, 1009–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.056Reynolds, T., Harris, R., Chang, W.-S., Bregulla, J., and Bawcombe, J.(2015). Ambient vibration tests of a cross-laminated timber building.Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Constr. Mater. 168, 121–131. doi: 10.1680/coma.14.00047Worth, M., Gaul, A., Jager, S., Omenzetter, P., and Morris, H. (2012). “Dynamicperformance assessment of a multistorey timber building via ambient andforced vibration testing, continuous seismic monitoring and finite elementmodel updating,” in World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012. Auckland,New Zealand.Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research wasconducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that couldbe construed as a potential conflict of interest.Copyright © 2019 Mugabo, Barbosa, Riggio and Batti. This is an open-access articledistributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided theoriginal author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the originalpublication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with theseterms.Frontiers in Built Environment | www.frontiersin.org 4 May 2019 | Volume 5 | Article 67

Ambient Vibration Measurement Data of a Four-Story Mass Timber Building

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Ambient Vibration Measurement Data of a Four-Story Mass Timber Building

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