Li, H.B.

Liang, Y.

Liu, P.

Yang, G.W.

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I              133  LASER ABLATION in LIQUID: FROM NANOCRYSTALS SYNTHESIS TO NANOSTRUCTURES FABRICATION P. Liu, Y. Liang, H.B. Li, G.W. Yang State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology  Research Center, School of Physics & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China  ABSTRACT Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has been recognized to be an effective and general route to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate nanostructures, especially, metastable nanostructures that prefer high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, we, in this talk, introduce recent developments in LAL for the synthesis and fabrication of novel nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. There are four advantages of LAL over other conventional techniques of nanocrystals synthesis clearly as follows. (i) LAL is a chemically “simple and clean” synthesis, due to the process with reduced byproduct formation, simpler starting materials, no need for catalyst. (ii) There is an ambient con-ditions not extreme temperature and pressure in LAL, and a variety of metastable phases that may not be attainable by the same mild preparation methods could form upon LAL. (iii) The composition of the new phase of the synthesized nanocrystals may involve in both liquid and solid, which allows researchers to choose and combine interesting solid targets and liquid to fabricate nanocrystals and nanostructures of new compounds. (iv) Phase, size and shape, and pattern of the fabricated nanostructures can easily control by tuning laser parameters and applied assistances.  Key words: laser ablation in liquid, nanocrystals, nanostructures, synthesis, fabri-cation  INTRODUCTION In recent decades, laser ablation of a solid target in a liquid environment has been widely used in preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of nanostructures. Remarkably, there are many groups that pay attention to this issue in the world, and a large variety of nanomaterials such as metals, metallic alloys, semiconductors, polymers, and etc, have been synthesized using laser ablation of solid in liquid. Therefore, laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has been recognized to be an effective and general route to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate nanostructures, especially, metastable nanostructures that prefer high temperature and high pressure [1].  Although nanomaterials investigations have been carried out for recent decades, researchers still face a fundamental challenge: how to control phase, size and shape of nanocrystals in the synthesis of nanomaterials. For this issue, we, in this talk, introduce recent developments in LAL for the synthesis and fabrication of novel nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. 134                  Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I              METHODS OF SAMPLE MANUFACTURING AND ANALYSIS Basically, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is divided into two kinds. One is the  laser  ablation  of  liquid  in  a  gas  or  a  liquid  environment.  In  detail,  laser  ablates a liquid at the gas-liquid interface or the liquid-solid interface. In fact, the laser ablation of liquid has been intensely pursued in recent decades due to its enormous potential for technological applications such as the high-temperature chemical synthesis and laser-based material processing, in particular for medical applications when the laser irradiation is guarded inside the human body to ablate the “soft” tissue. Moreover, the laser ablation of liquids has provided a route to understand the interaction between laser and soft or organic matter with more complex structures. Another one is the laser ablation of solids in liquid environments, i.e., laser ablates a solid target at the liquid-solid interface. Therefore, we focus on the later and the relevant applications in synthesis of nanostructures in this Account. Note that, in most cases that be depicted above, the confining liquid is transparent for the irradiation wavelength.  Fig. 1 – A scheme of LAL Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I              135  Laser ablation of solid target in a liquid has actually opened a door toward to synthesize nanocrystals and nanostructures due to these advantages as follows. (i) LAL is a chemically “simple and clean” synthesis due to the process with reduced byproduct formation, simpler starting materials, no need for catalyst, etc. (ii) Under ambient conditions not extreme temperature and pressure, whereas a variety of metastable phases that may not be attainable in usual, can be formed by the same mild preparation methods. (iii) New phase formation involves in both liquid and solid upon LAL, which allows researchers to choose and combine interesting solid targets and liquid to fabricate nanocrystals and nanostructures of new compounds for purpose of fundamental research and potential applications. (iv) Phase, size and shape of the synthesized nanocrystals can be availably controlled by tuning laser parameters and applied assistances such as inorganic salts or electrical field upon LAL. For example, we synthesized micro- and nanocubes of silicon with zinc blender structure by adding inorganic salts upon LAL, and prepared micro- and nanocubes of GeO2 by applied an electrical field into LAL. Additionally, we present further investigations involved in the new nanocarbons with C8 and C8-like structures synthesis and the nanopattern fabrication by pulsed-laser deposition in liquid. CONCLUSIONS laser ablation of a solid target in a confined liquid has been demonstrated an effective and general stragey for nanomanufacturing from phase, size and size controllably synthesis of nanocrystals to functional nanostructures fabrica-tion, especially for the nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes.  Acknowledgements NSFC (50525206 and U0734004) and the Ministry of Education (106126) supported this work. REFERENCES [1] G. W. Yang, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2007, Vol. 52, No. 5, P. 648-698    

Laser ablation in liquid: from nanocrystals synthesis to nanostructures fabrication

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I              133 
 
LASER ABLATION in LIQUID: FROM NANOCRYSTALS 
SYNTHESIS TO NANOSTRUCTURES FABRICATION 
P. Liu, Y. Liang, H.B. Li, G.W. Yang 
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology  
Research Center, School of Physics & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, 
Guangdong, P. R. China 
 
ABSTRACT 
Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has been recognized to be an effective and general 
route to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate nanostructures, especially, metastable 
nanostructures that prefer high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, we, in this 
talk, introduce recent developments in LAL for the synthesis and fabrication of novel 
nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. There are four advantages of LAL 
over other conventional techniques of nanocrystals synthesis clearly as follows. (i) LAL 
is a chemically “simple and clean” synthesis, due to the process with reduced byproduct 
formation, simpler starting materials, no need for catalyst. (ii) There is an ambient con-
ditions not extreme temperature and pressure in LAL, and a variety of metastable phases 
that may not be attainable by the same mild preparation methods could form upon LAL. 
(iii) The composition of the new phase of the synthesized nanocrystals may involve in 
both liquid and solid, which allows researchers to choose and combine interesting solid 
targets and liquid to fabricate nanocrystals and nanostructures of new compounds. (iv) 
Phase, size and shape, and pattern of the fabricated nanostructures can easily control by 
tuning laser parameters and applied assistances. 
 
Key words: laser ablation in liquid, nanocrystals, nanostructures, synthesis, fabri-
cation 
 
INTRODUCTION 
In recent decades, laser ablation of a solid target in a liquid environment 
has been widely used in preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of 
nanostructures. Remarkably, there are many groups that pay attention to this 
issue in the world, and a large variety of nanomaterials such as metals, metallic 
alloys, semiconductors, polymers, and etc, have been synthesized using laser 
ablation of solid in liquid. Therefore, laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has been 
recognized to be an effective and general route to synthesize nanocrystals and 
fabricate nanostructures, especially, metastable nanostructures that prefer high 
temperature and high pressure [1].  
Although nanomaterials investigations have been carried out for recent 
decades, researchers still face a fundamental challenge: how to control phase, 
size and shape of nanocrystals in the synthesis of nanomaterials. For this issue, 
we, in this talk, introduce recent developments in LAL for the synthesis and 
fabrication of novel nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. 
134                  Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I             
 
METHODS OF SAMPLE MANUFACTURING AND ANALYSIS 
Basically, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is divided into two kinds. One is 
the  laser  ablation  of  liquid  in  a  gas  or  a  liquid  environment.  In  detail,  laser  
ablates a liquid at the gas-liquid interface or the liquid-solid interface. In fact, 
the laser ablation of liquid has been intensely pursued in recent decades due to 
its enormous potential for technological applications such as the high-
temperature chemical synthesis and laser-based material processing, in 
particular for medical applications when the laser irradiation is guarded inside 
the human body to ablate the “soft” tissue. Moreover, the laser ablation of 
liquids has provided a route to understand the interaction between laser and soft 
or organic matter with more complex structures. Another one is the laser 
ablation of solids in liquid environments, i.e., laser ablates a solid target at the 
liquid-solid interface. Therefore, we focus on the later and the relevant 
applications in synthesis of nanostructures in this Account. Note that, in most 
cases that be depicted above, the confining liquid is transparent for the 
irradiation wavelength. 
 
Fig. 1 – A scheme of LAL 
Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I              135 
 
Laser ablation of solid target in a liquid has actually opened a door toward 
to synthesize nanocrystals and nanostructures due to these advantages as 
follows. (i) LAL is a chemically “simple and clean” synthesis due to the 
process with reduced byproduct formation, simpler starting materials, no need 
for catalyst, etc. (ii) Under ambient conditions not extreme temperature and 
pressure, whereas a variety of metastable phases that may not be attainable in 
usual, can be formed by the same mild preparation methods. (iii) New phase 
formation involves in both liquid and solid upon LAL, which allows 
researchers to choose and combine interesting solid targets and liquid to 
fabricate nanocrystals and nanostructures of new compounds for purpose of 
fundamental research and potential applications. (iv) Phase, size and shape of 
the synthesized nanocrystals can be availably controlled by tuning laser 
parameters and applied assistances such as inorganic salts or electrical field 
upon LAL. For example, we synthesized micro- and nanocubes of silicon with 
zinc blender structure by adding inorganic salts upon LAL, and prepared micro- 
and nanocubes of GeO2 by applied an electrical field into LAL. Additionally, 
we present further investigations involved in the new nanocarbons with C8 and 
C8-like structures synthesis and the nanopattern fabrication by pulsed-laser 
deposition in liquid. 
CONCLUSIONS 
laser ablation of a solid target in a confined liquid has been demonstrated 
an effective and general stragey for nanomanufacturing from phase, size and 
size controllably synthesis of nanocrystals to functional nanostructures fabrica-
tion, especially for the nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. 
 
Acknowledgements 
NSFC (50525206 and U0734004) and the Ministry of Education (106126) 
supported this work. 
REFERENCES 
[1] G. W. Yang, Prog. Mater. Sci., 2007, Vol. 52, No. 5, P. 648-698 
 
  


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