This document is one of a series of whitepapers from the USQCD collaboration.
Here, we discuss opportunities for lattice QCD calculations related to the
structure and spectroscopy of hadrons and nuclei. An overview of recent lattice
calculations of the structure of the proton and other hadrons is presented
along with prospects for future extensions. Progress and prospects of hadronic
spectroscopy and the study of resonances in the light, strange and heavy quark
sectors is summarized. Finally, recent advances in the study of light nuclei
from lattice QCD are addressed, and the scope of future investigations that are
currently envisioned is outlined.Comment: 45 page
