颱風觀測分析與統計預報整合研究─颱風觀測分析與統計預報整合研究-子計畫:應用雷達資料與統計氣候模式建立北台灣定量降水預報模式之研究(II)

Abstract

本計劃之研究主要可分為兩項: (1) 區域性模式是針對烏溪流域等因雨 量站歷史時雨量資料數量稀少,以 致於無法建立可靠的單站颱風定量 降雨氣候預報模式之問題,所提出 的解決方案。本模式屬於統計模式 ,對於接近平均狀況之降雨強度有 較好之估計結果,因此當降雨型態 僅單純受颱風影響時,如賀伯颱風 ,其預報效果較佳。 (2) 本研究為颱風降雨即時預報模式之 初步研究,透過過山氣流數值模擬 與降水參數化模式,瞭解風場與降 雨分佈的關係。研究中將利用 NCSU/GFDM 模式(the North Carolina State University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Model) ,模擬均勻風場受到平滑化之台灣 地形作用時,其三維風場的分佈情 形,再以seeder-feeder cloud 概念模 式,描述高層雲滴藉由碰撞與合併 的作用,將低層雲滴沖刷至地面形 成地形增量降雨的機制,建立受地 形舉升效應之降水參數化模式。There are two topics involved in this project: (1) A regional climatology model is proposed for quantitative forecast of typhoon rainfall. The model is for river basins where there are too few historical hourly rainfall records of the rainfall stations to develop the single-station climatology model, such as the Wu Creek Basin.This model is a statistical one, it is therefore suitable for estmating the case while rainfall intensity is only affected by typhoon, such as Typhoon Herb(1996). This paper presents preliminary results of airflow/mountain interaction and associated spatial rainfall pattern simulation study by a numerical model. 3D wind fields for uniform flow over smoothed topography of Taiwan are constructed using the North Carolina State University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Model (NCSU/GFDM). The terrain-induced precipitation adopts the seeder-feeder parameterization model

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