Branchu, P.

Budzinski, H.

Georgel, P.

Gromaire, M.-C.

Neveu, P.

Paupardin, J.

Thomas, E.

Viau, J.-Y.

I-Revues

NOVATECH 2016 
1 
ROULÉPUR: Evaluating innovative solutions for the 
source control of micropollutants associated with 
road and parking lot runoff 
ROULÉPUR : Evaluation de solutions innovantes pour 
une maîtrise à la source de la contamination en 
micropolluants des eaux de ruissellement des voiries et 
parking 
Gromaire MC1, Bak A8, Branchu Ph3, Bressy A1, Bruzzone S1, 
Budzinski H2, Caupos E1, De Gouvello B1, Delarbre M4, Deroubaix 
JF1, Deshayes S1, Dubois Ph1, Erlichman H4, Flanagan K1, Gasperi 
J1, Georgel P7, Kanso T1, Labadie P2, Meffray L3, Moilleron R1, 
Neaud Ch3, Neveu P4, Paupardin J5, Ramier D3, Ratovelomanana T6, 
Saad M1, Seidl M1, Thomas E6, Viau JY8 
 
1Université Paris Est, LEESU (MA102), École des Ponts ParisTech , UPEC, 
AgroParisTech, Marne la Vallée ; 2Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, 
Talence ; 3Cerema, DTer Ile-de-France, Trappes ; 4Ville de Paris, DPE/STEA, Paris ; 
5Département de Seine Saint Denis, DEA/BLAU, Hotel du Département, Bobigny ; 
6Département de Seine et Marne, DPR, Vert Saint Denis ; 7Ecovégétal, Les grandes 
pièces, Broué ; 8St Dizier Environnement, Boulogne Billancourt 
RÉSUMÉ 
Le projet ROULÉPUR, financé dans le cadre de l'appel à projets "Innovation et changements de 
pratiques: lutte contre les micropolluants des eaux urbaines" de l'ONEMA et des Agences de l'Eau, 
vise l'évaluation de solutions innovantes de maîtrise à la source des flux de micropolluants générés 
par les voiries urbaines, dans le cadre d'une approche pluridisciplinaire. Il s'agit de : 
- mieux diagnostiquer la composition chimique et la toxicité de ces ruissellements ; 
- identifier les sources primaires de contamination ; 
- évaluer in-situ l'efficacité de quatre solutions innovantes de maîtrise à la source de technicités 
différentes ainsi que leur durabilité ; 
- analyser les performances environnementales globales de ces solutions sur l'ensemble de leur cycle 
de vie (ACV) ; 
- évaluer l'acceptabilité sociale, technique et économique de ces solutions afin d'en déduire leur 
potentiel de diffusion en fonction du contexte local technique et institutionnel. 
Quatre solutions innovantes de traitement à la source des eaux voirie / parking sont testées en site 
réel: parking perméable, filtres plantés horizontaux, accotement végétalisés et fossés filtrants, 
dispositif compact de décantation/filtration/adsorption. 
ABSTRACT 
The ROULÉPUR project, funded under the French national call "Innovation and changes in practice: 
fighting against micropollutants in urban waters", aims at evaluating innovative solutions for the source 
control of micropollutants in road runoff, based on a multidisciplinary approach. It’s objectives are to:  
- improve knowledge on the chemical composition and toxicity of road and parking lot runoff; 
- identify the primary sources of contamination, so as to guide emission reduction strategies;  
- evaluate in situ the effectiveness of four innovative source control solutions of different technicalities; 
- analyze the overall environmental performance of these solutions on the whole its life cycle (LCA); 
- assess the social, technical and economic acceptability of these solutions and deduce their diffusion 
potential based on the technical and institutional local context.  
Four different source control solutions are tested in situ: pervious car park, horizontal sand filters, vegetated 
filter strips and bioretention swales, and a compact sedimentation / filtration / adsorption device. 
MOTS CLÉS 
Runoff, micropollutants, source control, road, innovative solutions 
SESSION 
2 
1 INTRODUCTION 
Roads and parking lot runoff consists of a complex matrix of micropollutants, mainly originating from 
car traffic related sources like various automobile consumables (fluids, brake pads, tyres), exhaust 
gases, automobile construction materials, but also atmospheric contributions and leaching from urban 
infrastructure materials. While their contamination in metals and hydrocarbons (Legret and Pagotto, 
1999) has been widely documented, these waters may also convey a much wider panel of 
micropollutants (flame retardants, surfactants, plasticizers, antioxidants) that may be toxic for the 
receiving waters (Barbosa et al., 2012). The prevalence of these contaminants in the road runoff and 
its toxicity is insufficiently documented to this day (Tang et al., 2013). 
These runoff waters often join the aquatic environment without treatment (direct or stormsewer 
discharges to streams, infiltration) and may thus contribute to the degradation of superficial water 
bodies and groundwaters. 
In order to reach the good ecological state of water bodies aimed by national and European directives, 
source control of these micropollutant loads, or even depollution at the source of the runoff, is needed 
in numerous cases. Requirements this way emanate regularly from public authorities for new 
developments. However, the treatment solutions implemented in the past (hydrocarbons separators, 
settling devices) turned out expensive, little adapted to the specificities of runoff pollutants and little 
effective for the trapping of micropollutants. 
Various technical solutions for at source runoff pollutant management have been developed over the 
last years (Hilliges et al., 2013; Li et al., 2014; Revitt et al., 2014). Their efficiency in terms of reduction 
of micropollutants but also their sustainability (maintenance, aging) and their acceptability, however, 
need to be better evaluated in situ. Further research is also needed in order to guide the choice 
between these solutions according to the nature, environment and management of the considered 
site. 
2 THE ROULÉPUR PROJECT 
2.1 Objectives 
The ROULÉPUR project was funded under the French national call "Innovation and changes in 
practice: fighting against micropollutants in urban water". It aims at evaluating innovative solutions for 
the source control of micropollutants in road runoff, based on a multidisciplinary approach.  
The project is lead by a consortium involving three research centers, three public services and two 
industrials. 
This project has several objectives: 
• improve knowledge on the chemical composition and toxicity of road and parking lot runoff; so as 
to prioritize issues related to their management; 
• identify the primary sources of contamination, so as to guide emission reduction strategies; 
• evaluate in situ the effectiveness (from the hydrological point of view and from the water quality 
point of view) of four innovative source control solutions of different technical nature;  
• assess the sustainability of these solutions (maintenance, aging) and analyze their overall 
environmental performance over the whole life cycle (LCA); 
• assess the social, technical and economic acceptability of these solutions and evaluate their 
diffusion potential based on the technical and institutional local context. 
 
2.2 The studied source control solutions 
Under the ROULÉPUR project, four different source control solutions are tested in-situ. They have 
been selected so as to present different levels of technicality, to be adapted to different contexts and 
representative of the solutions which emerged at an international level over the last years: 
• a pervious and vegetated car park (Figure 1 a),  
• small horizontal sand filters (Figure 1 c), 
•  vegetated filter strips and bioretention swales (Figure 1 b), 
• a compact industrial sedimentation / filtration / adsorption device (STOPPOL 10CKF, Figure 1 d).  
NOVATECH 2016 
3 
All of these solutions allow for settling / filtration / adsorption of micropollutants, and some allow a 
reduction of runoff volume by infiltration and evapotranspiration. Two out of them are based on a very 
diffuse management of runoff (pervious car park, filter strip) while the two others are receive the runoff 
via a standard system of gutter, gully and pipe. 
Figure 1 : The four studied pollutant control solutions : (a) pervious parking lot, (b) filter strips and bioretention 
swale, (c) vegetated sand filters, (d) compact sedimentation/filtration/adsorption device 
 
The studied solutions address local issues faced by the local authorities partner of the project (City of 
Paris, CD93, CD77). The choices that were made were relatively mixed so as to reflect the diversity of 
urban contexts but also the diversity of cultures / technical practices. 
These solutions are implemented in different urban contexts with contrasted potentials of 
contaminations. The pervious car park is situated in a residential district with limited traffic. The sand 
filters are in a dense town center in Paris suburbs, but collect runoff from a street with moderate traffic. 
The filter strip + bioretention system as well as the compact STOPPOL treatment device both collect 
runoff from roads with heavy traffic. While the first one is located in a periurban context, with lot of 
available space, the second one has been implemented on the riverside expressway in central Paris 
where no space was available for SUDS. 
 
2.3 Methodology 
The ROULÉPUR project is marked by its multidisciplinary character and by an integrated approach of 
the problem.  
A first experimental phase, based on both targeted and non targeted screening analysis of untreated 
runoff collected at the 4 experimental sites, aims at the diagnosis of road and car park runoff 
contamination.  An identification of the primary sources of this contamination will be developed based 
on leaching tests for different automobile materials and consumables.  
The efficiency of the four source control devices will be evaluated based of the chemical analysis as 
well as the toxicity analysis of influent runoff and effluents (outflow, drainage, percolation, overflow) 
over a selection of rain events. For this task, one will focus on a selection of pollutants and 
micropolluants with different physico-chemical characteristics, considered as tracers of the potential 
behavior of micropollutants. The selected contaminants include global parameters (SS, DOC, POC), 
nutrients, 12 metals and three families of organic micropollutants (PAH, alkylphenols and bisphenolA, 
phtalates). The hydrologic efficiency of the devices is evaluated based on a continuous monitoring 
over a 18 month period of rain, runoff inflow and various outflows. 
   
 
                          
SESSION 
4 
The process of appropriation of the 4 studied devices is analyzed based on interviews with the 
different local stakeholders involved in the development of a solution, in the decision making process, 
in the implementation and in the operation of each system. A compared evaluation of appropriation 
processes in the four case studies will allow the definition of the “felicity” conditions (shared support by 
all actors) and of the conditions of transferability to other sites and contexts. 
ROULÉPUR also includes a methodological task, common to two other French projects 
(MICROMEGAS in Lyon and MATRIOSHKAS in Nantes), and developed within the frame of the three 
French observatories of urban hydrology OPUR, ONEVU and OTHU. This task aims at the definition 
of indicators and methods for an objective and multicriteria evaluation of the performance of SUDS.  
 
2.4 Expected outcomes 
The project is expected to enable significant advances in terms of:  
• Knowledge on the nature, the level of contamination and the toxicity of runoff. It will lead to the 
creation of unprecedented runoff characterization database encompassing pollutants that are 
already regulated but which have until yet not been considered in this type of matrix, as well as 
data for emergent pollutants. This knowledge is essential to situate the issues linked to road runoff 
contamination relatively to other inputs, but also to prioritize issues based on the type of road / 
parking. A better understanding of the nature of the contaminants is moreover critical to guide the 
choice of management solutions. 
• Knowledge of the primary sources of contaminants. Identification of materials and consumables 
causing emissions is an essential step in the development of emissions reduction strategies. 
Knowledge of emission factors is also needed to better estimate the pollutant potential of a site 
and to guide the selection of water management solutions. 
• Knowledge about the fate of water and contaminants in the source control structures. The project 
results will identify the key processes involved, evaluate the performance of the devices in real 
conditions, objectify the risk of pollutant transfer to the groundwater or surface water, characterize 
the byproducts generated (waste, sediments contaminated soil layers). 
The project is evaluating the actual performance of these solutions, integrating global environmental 
impacts (including production, implementation, maintenance and end of life of the devices or 
materials) through life cycle analyses. It allows for an operational feedback on any difficulties of 
implementation, operating constraints and maintenance costs. 
The appropriation of these innovative solutions by the different services involved in their selection, 
implementation and maintenance will be analyzed under a common framework, so as to identify the 
conditions for their proper development. 
These points are essential to guide on a nationwide scale the choice of source control systems 
towards the most environmentally friendly solutions, but also the best suited to the technical and social 
context of the project. 
 
LIST OF REFERENCES 
Barbosa, A.E., Fernandes, J.N., David, L.M., 2012. Key issues for sustainable urban stormwater management. 
Water Res. 46, 6787–6798. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.029 
Hilliges, R., Schriewer, A., Helmreich, B., 2013. A three-stage treatment system for highly polluted urban road 
runoff. J. Environ. Manage. 128, 306–312. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.024 
Legret, M., Pagotto, C., 1999. Evaluation of pollutant loadings in the runoff waters from a major rural highway. Sci. 
Total Environ. 235, 143–150. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00207-7 
Li, M.-H., Swapp, M., Kim, M.H., Chu, K.-H., Sung, C.Y., 2014. Comparing Bioretention Designs With and Without 
an Internal Water Storage Layer for Treating Highway Runoff. Water Environ. Res. 86, 387–397. 
doi:10.2175/106143013X13789303501920 
Revitt, D.M., Lundy, L., Coulon, F., Fairley, M., 2014. The sources, impact and management of car park runoff 
pollution: A review. J. Environ. Manage. 146, 552–567. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.041 
Tang, J.Y.M., Aryal, R., Deletic, A., Gernjak, W., Glenn, E., McCarthy, D., Esther, B.I., 2013. Toxicity 
characterization of urban stormwater with bioanalytical tools. Water Res. 47, 5594–5606. 
doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.037  


ROULÉPUR : Evaluation de solutions innovantes pour une maîtrise à la source de la contamination en micropolluants des eaux de ruissellement des voiries et parking

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ROULÉPUR : Evaluation de solutions innovantes pour une maîtrise à la source de la contamination en micropolluants des eaux de ruissellement des voiries et parking

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