SASAKI Hitoshi

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Introduction Tabanid flies are members of the dipterous insect and have important roles in medically and in veterinary for both humans and animals. For example, Loa Loa is one of the serious human nematodiasis in West Africa transmitted by deer flies (Chrysops spp.)and Surra is protozoan ani-mal disease transmitted mechanically by horse flies (Tabanus spp.)in Africa (Eichler,1980).Therefore, to know the tabanid fly fauna is very important not only on the biological view-point but also on the medical and veterinary viewpoints.The Mahale Mountains National Park,located in Kigoma District,Tanzania was established in 1985 with Japanese Government’s assistance.Surveys on the wild chimpanzees have been car-ried out by Japanese scientists over 40 years at the park (Nishida,1990). The faunal and floral surveys on both arthropods and mammals, and plants have also been conducted together with these anthropological surveys.In the present paper,I report the tabanid flies captured in the survey held in 2004 as a part of the faunal investigation,and listed the tabanid flies of the Mahale Mountains National Park based on the results of my previous surveys (Sasaki &Nishida, 1999) and the examination of the fly collection of the Graduate School of Asia and African Area Studies,Kyoto University(Sasaki,2001).Methods Study area The Mahale Mountains National Park (6°07’S,29°44’E)is located in the largest promontory on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika and can be regarded as a “forest-island”in the midst of the Miombo woodland which extends over a vast area of western Tanzania and eastern Congo(Nishida, 1990). Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglo-dytes schweinfurthii)live in several unit-groups of up to 100 individuals in the park. Those chim-panzees can be act the blood source of those flies(Sasaki& Nishida,1999).Fly Collection The NZI traps(Mihok,2002)with octenol were used to capture the flies. The traps were set at Tabanid flies (Diptera:Tabanidae)of the Mahale Mountains National Park,Tanzania,East Africa Hitoshi SASAKI J.Rakuno Gakuen Univ.,30(1):93～98(2005)Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, Department of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University Dairy Science Institute,Ebetsu,Hokkaido 069-8501,Japan(June 2005)Table 1  Tabanid flies captured at the Mahale Mountains National Park species  captured Number Tabanus gratus Loew,1858  1 Tabanus insignis Loew,1858  2 Tabanus taeniola Palisot de Beauvois,1806  1 Tabanus thoracinus Palisot de Beauvois,1806  5 Haematopota albihirta Karsch,1887  1 Haematopota divisapex Austen,1908  1 Haematopota edax Austen,1914  1 Haematopota fasciatapex Edward,1916  153 Haematopota lamborni Oldroyd,1952  41 total  206 two ecologically different points around our Kansyana camp in the park during the period from 1st to 18th November,2004. Captured flies were collected every day from 2 to 3 p.m. They were killed with ethyl acetate and pined with insect pins for dry specimen. The specimens were transported to Japan and identified to species according to the keys of Oldroyd (1952,1954,1957).Results and Discussion Tabanid flies were captured 206 individuals of 2 genera and 9 species. Of these, Haematopota fasciatapex was the most predominant species captured 153 individuals (Table 1). Tabanus in-signis,T. thoracinus and T. taeniola were record-ed in my previous works(Sasaki& Nishida,1999;Sasaki,2001)and the other species were recorded for the first time from the park. In the addition to these results, the tabanid flies of the Mahale Mountains National Park were listed 4 genera and 17 species (Table 2,4;Plate 1,2).Regarding to the distribution patterns of each flies listed in this study, the flies belonging to Hitoshi SASAKI Table 2  List of tabanid flies of Mahale Mountains National Park♯? species  reference??1  Chrysops longicornis Macquart,1838  1 2  Ancala africana Gray,1832  2 3  Tabanus biguttatus Wiedemann,1830  2 4  Tabanus gratus Loew,1858  3 5  Tabanus insignis Loew,1858  2,3 6  Tabanus taeniola Palisot de Beauvois,1806  1,3 7  Tabanus thoracinus Palisot de Beauvois,1806  1,3 8  Haematopota albihirta Karsch,1887  3 9  Haematopota divisapex Austen,1908  3 10  Haematopota edax Austen,1914  3 11  Haematopota fasciatapex Edward,1916  3 12  Haematopota hirta Ricardo,1906  2 13  Haematopota insidiatrix Austen,1914  1 14  Haematopota lamborni Oldroyd,1952  3 15  Haematopota nigripennis Austen,1914  1 16  Haematopota theobaldi Carter,1915  1 17  Haematopota unicolor Ricard,1906  1?:Numbers are same to those in Plates.??1:Sasaki and Nishida (1999);2:Sasaki (2001);3:this paper Table 3  Known distribution of tabanid flies of Mahale Mountains National Park species  type locality  distribution type Chrysops longicornis  Senegal  Throughout ER Ancala africana  Mozambique&Uganda  Throughout ER Tabanus biguttatus  South Africa  Throughout ER Tabanus gratus  South Africa  Throughout ER Tabanus insignis  Nigeria  Throughout ER Tabanus taeniola  Nigeria  Throughout ER Tabanus thoracinus  Nigeria  Throughout ER Haematopota albihirta  Tanzania  East & Central Africa Haematopota divisapex  Congo  East & Central Africa Haematopota edax  Uganda  East Africa Haematopota fasciatapex  Malawi  East & South Africa Haematopota hirta  Uganda  East & Central Africa Haematopota insidiatrix  Malawi  East & Central Africa Haematopota lamborni  Tanzania  East Africa Haematopota nigripennis  Uganda  East & Central Africa Haematopota theobaldi  South Africa  East & South Africa Haematopota unicolor  Uganda  East Africa 94 Chrysops,Ancala and Tabanus,strong bodied deer and horse flies, were the species distributed throughout the Ethiopian Region, however, flies of Haematopota,weak bodied clegs,were mainly east and central African species (Table 3). Con-cerning the larval habitat of the flies, it can be very interesting pattern as the park is considered to be forest-island separated from central African forest.The tabanid fly list presented in this paper is still incomplete, further investigation must be required to comprehend the whole fauna of tabanid flies and their role associated with wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park.Summery A survey targeting tabanid flies was carried out at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tan-zania,East Africa during 1st to 18th November,2004. A total of 206 individuals of 2 genera and 9species were captured. Haematopota fasciatapex was the predominant species. In the addition to my previous work, 4 genera and 17 species of tabanid flies were listed from the park. The fly fauna was characteristic depending on the forest environment of the park.Acknowledgements I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr.T.Nishida,Professor emeritus of Kyoto University for giving me the opportunity to survey the tabanid flies of the Mahale Mountain National Park. I am also grateful to late Dr.J.Itani and Dr. J. Tanaka, Professors emeritus of Kyoto University for allowing me to examine the insect collection of the Graduate School of Asia and African Area Studies, Kyoto University. This work was supported in part by a Grand-in Aid No.16255007 from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture,Japan.References Eichler, W. (1980) Grundzuge der veterinarmed-izinischen Entomologie. 184 pp. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag,Jena.Mihok,S.(2002)The development of a multipur-pose trap (the Nzi)for tsetse and other biting flies. Bull.Entomol.Res.,92⑸:385-403.Nishida,T.(1990)A quarter century of research in the Mahale Mountains:An overview. In:The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains.Sexual and Life History Strategies.(ed.,Nishida,T.)pp.3-35,University of Tokyo Press,Tokyo.Oldroyd, H. (1952) The Horse-flies (Diptera:Tabanidae) of the Ethiopian Region.Volume I.226 pp., British Museum (Natural History),London.Oldroyd, H. (1954) The Horse-flies (Diptera:Tabanidae)of the Ethiopian Region.Volume II.Tabanid flies of the Mahale Mountains National Park Table 4  Body size of tabanid flies of Mahale Mountains National Park species  body length(mm) wing length(mm)Chrysops longicornis  9  8 Ancala africana  18  16 Tabanus biguttatus  22  20 Tabanus gratus  12  10 Tabanus insignis  13  12 Tabanus taeniola  16  16 Tabanus thoracinus  14  13 Haematopota albihirta  12  11 Haematopota divisapex  8  7 Haematopota edax  10  10 Haematopota fasciatapex  11  9 Haematopota hirta  10  9 Haematopota insidiatrix  9  9 Haematopota lamborni  10  9 Haematopota nigripennis  11  10 Haematopota theobaldi  9  7 Haematopota unicolor  18  16 95 341 pp., British Museum (Natural History),London.Oldroyd, H. (1957) The Horse-flies (Diptera:Tabanidae) of the Ethiopian Region. Volume III.489 pp.,British Museum (Natural History),London.Sasaki, H. and Nishida, T. (1999)Notes on the flies associated with wild chimpanzees at Ma-hale Mountains National Park,Tanzania,East Africa. Med.Entomol.Zool.,50(2):151-155.Sasaki, H. (2001)Tabanid fly collections of the Graduate School of Asia and African Area Studies,Kyoto University. Proc.38th Annual Meeting of Japan Association for African Studies:76.(in Japanese)要 約2004年11月１日から18日までの期間，タンザニア西部のタンガニイカ湖に面したマハレ山塊国立公園で吸血性アブ類の捕獲調査を行い，Haematopota fasciatapexを最優占種とする２属９種合計206個体を得た。これらに著者がこれまでの調査によって明らかにした種を加え，ゴマフアブ属の種を中心とした４属17種の吸血性アブ類のリストを作成した。このリストから，マハレ山塊国立公園の吸血性アブ相は，豊かな森林環境に依存して形成されていることが示唆された。96  Hitoshi SASAKI 6 97 Tabanid flies of the Mahale Mountains National Park 1  2  3 4  5 7  8  9 16 17 98  Hitoshi SASAKI 10  11 12  13  14 15

Tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, East Africa

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Tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, East Africa

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