GMO corn production

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada bio je opisati prednosti i nedostatke genetski modificiranih hibrida kukuruza. Kukuruz je podrijetlom iz Centralne Amerike. Prvi GM kukuruz nastao je 1973. godine. U Americi je danas više od 80% usjeva kukuruza, soje i pamuka GMO podrijetla. Jedan od osnovnih razloga zbog kojeg se GMO hrana počela proizvoditi bila je veća otpornost od štetnih organizama. Prednosti koje nudi (GM) hibridi su: veća tolerancija na stres, brži rast, hranjivije namirnice, bolja otpornost na štetočine i bolesti, te otpornost prema herbicidima. Najznačajniji štetnici kukuruza su kukuruzna zlatica i kukuruzni moljac. Najvažniji i najefikasniji način kojim se suzbija kukuruzna zlatica je plodored. Da bi se umanjile štete od kukuruznog moljca treba provoditi preventivne mjere zaštite bilja, a to su agrotehničke, mehaničke i treba uzgajati otporne hibride. Kukuruz se u Hrvatskoj uzgaja na površini od oko 300 000 hektara. Danas se genetičkim inženjeringom uz primjenu insekticida u borbi protiv štetnika stvaraju biljke otporne na štetne kukce. MON 810 genetski modificirani kukuruz koristi se širom svijeta.The aim of this paper was to describe the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified corn hybrids. Corn is originally from Central America. The first GM corn was made in 1973. Today in America there is more than 80% GMO origin of crops of corn, soy and cotton. One of the main reasons why GMO food started to produce was greater resistance to harmful organisms. The benefits offered by (GM) hybrids are: greater tolerance to stress, faster growth, nutritious foods, better resistance to pests and diseases and resistance from herbicides. The most important corn pests are corn beetle and corn borer. The most important and the most effective way to counteract the corn beetle is plodored. To reduce the damage of corn borer preventive measures, such as agrotechnical, mechanical and cultivated resistant varieties, should be implemented for the protection of plants. The corn is grown in Croatia on an area of about 300,000 hectares. Genetic engineering uses insecticides in the fight against pests and creates plants that are resistant to harmful insects. Genetic modified corn, MON 81, is used around the world