University of Zagreb. Faculty of Agriculture. Department of Pomology.
Abstract
Ekološko voćarstvo predstavlja velik potencijal za Hrvatsku, koje kao i ostala ekološka poljoprivredna proizvodnja, ima u vidu očuvanje ekološkog sustava koristeći ekološka sredstva za zaštitu bilja bez upotrebe kemijskih preparata i mineralnih gnojiva. Skrb za očuvanje trajne plodnosti te poticanje biološke raznolikosti je prioritet uz kakvoću proizvedenog voća. Mali broj ekoloških proizvođača voća u Hrvatskoj povezuje se s problemom slabe edukacije i stalnog stručnog usavršavanja ekološkog proizvođača. Bez obzira na povoljne agroekološke uvjete i mogućnosti, u Hrvatskoj je najviše zastupljen uvoz voćnih vrsta ne samo iz ekološke proizvodnje nego i integrirane. Na tržištu se mogu naći najviše ekološki proizvodi iz stranih zemalja i to pretežno Italije i Njemačke. Na tržištu je uočena nepravilna deklaracija proizvoda, nije istaknut „eko znak“ iako se prodaje pod ekološkim proizvodom. U zadnjih sedam godina, kada se pogledaju statistički podatci, vidljiv je porast površina pod ekološkim voćnjacima kao i broj OPG-a koja se time bave. U 2015. godini u odnosu na 2013. godinu zabilježen je porast prinosa za skoro pet puta kod bobičastog (isključujući jagode 598 t) i lupinastog voća (1.119 t), krušaka za 10 puta (230 t), marelica za 15 puta (74 t) te trešanja i višanja za 50 puta (675 t).Organic pomiculture is a branch of agriculture which tends to protect ecological systems using permitted (ecological) herbs for plant protection and nutrition and it has a great potential for growth in Croatia. Care for the preservation of permanent fertility, stimulating biodiversity and producing quality fruit is the main priority. A small number of organic food producers in Croatia can be related to a poor education and an absence of the constant professional development of the ones already involved. Therefore, regardless of the favorable agroecological possibilities, fruit found on the shelves of Croatian stores is mostly imported, not only for organic production but also for integrated one. Analyzing Croatian market, it has been found that imported organic fruit comes mostly from Italy and Germany. Unfortunately, there are cases in which a fruit is sold as eco-products, although they do not have proper declaration, meaning no “eco-mark” is highlighted on them. Despite of a poor organic pomiculture, statistical data for Croatia from the last seven years shows there is some increase in the number of family farms, as well as orchards with ecological standards. Comparing yields from 2013 and 2015, there was 5 times more of berry fruit produced (excluding strawberries, 598 t) and as much more of lupine fruit (1119 t), pears 10 times (230 t), apricot 15 times (74 t) and of cherries and spices 50 times more (675 t)
