Al-Sabi, Mohammad Nafi Solaiman

Chriél, Mariann

Enemark, Heidi L.

Holm, Elisabeth

Jensen, Tim Kåre

Ståhl, Marie

Taenia ovis krabbei is a parasite with a sylvatic life cycle in which carnivores are definitive hosts and Cervid are intermediate hosts. Foraging on pasture contaminated with eggs of T. o. krabbei is the primary cause of infection to Cervids, and the larval stages usually develop in heart and skeletal muscles causing pathological changes and severe illness. There is no zoonotic risk in consumption of game meat infected with T. o. krabbei, but for aesthetic reasons, the infected meat is not regarded of high quality and usually discarded. The present report describes the reappearance of T. o. krabbei in a roe deer Denmark after more than 60 years. The cysticerci were isolated from the thigh muscle of a male roe deer shot in northern Jutland, and the diagnosis was based on histostological analysis, morphology of the rostellar-hooks as well as molecular typing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. Shortly after this discovery, a wolf died in a nearby locality and worms T. o. krabbei was recovered from its intestine, and the diagnosis was based on morphology of the rostellar-hooks and molecular typing of the cox1 gene. By phylogenetic analysis, the Danish roe deer and wolf isolates were clearly grouped together with other isolates of T. o. krabbei from wolves in Finnoscandinavia. In mainland Europe, T. o. krabbei is primarily a parasite of wolves and this individual wolf has probably travelled around 800 km before it died. This unexpected reappearance of a wolf in Denmark after almost two decades could be a mere coincidence, but can also explain the introduction of this parasite during wolf introduction. Domestic dogs, in the other hand, could play a role in transmission of T. o. krabbei in that area, but this has yet to be tested. Deer infections with T. o. krabbei were reported in all German counties that border Denmark. It is also possible that similar deer infections were already present in other areas in Denmark, but unnoticed

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Reappearance of Taenia ovis krabbei muscle cysts in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Denmark after 60+ years, with a possible role of a grey wolf (Canis lupus) as definitive host

Taenia ovis krabbei has a semi-sylvatic life cycle with carnivore definitive hosts and cervid intermediate hosts. Cervids become infected by foraging on pasture contaminated with the eggs. Larval stages usually develop in heart and skeletal muscles causing pathological changes and severe illness1,2. Meat infected with T. o. krabbei entails no zoonotic risk, but for aesthetic reasons the infected meat is usually discarded3. Here, we report the reappearance of T. o. krabbei in a roe deer in Denmark after more than 60 years. The cysticerci were diagnosed after histology, morphology4 and sequencing of the cox1 gene5. Shortly after this discovery, a wolf died in a nearby locality, and worms of T. o. krabbei were recovered from its intestine. By phylogenetic analysis, the Danish roe deer and wolf isolates were clearly grouped together with other isolates of T. o. krabbei from wolves in Finnoscandinavia. In mainland Europe, T. o. krabbei is primarily a parasite of wolves6,7. The unexpected reappearance of a wolf in Denmark in 2012 after almost two decades of absence could be a mere coincidence, but may also explain the introduction of this parasite along with the wolf. Domestic dogs, on the other hand, could play a role in transmission of T. o. krabbei in the area, but this has yet to be tested. Deer infections with T. o. krabbei were previously reported in the German county that borders Denmark3, and may have spread from there. But it is also possible that deer infections were already present, but unnoticed, in other areas of Denmark. The helminth burden of invading animals is normally expected to decrease8. However, invading wolves can support their establishment in new areas by carrying worms of T. o. krabbei that cause severe illness in native deer that subsequently become prey to the wolves

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Reappearance of <em>Taenia ovis krabbei</em> muscle cysts in a roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>) in Denmark after 60+ years, with a possible role of a grey wolf (<em>Canis lupus</em>) as definitive host

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