Berard, Ole Bengt

Entreprenører oplever en række problemer med design information, når de planlægger og udfører byggeprojekter, som f.eks. ukoordinerede tegninger og beskrivelser, manglende eller forsinket levering af relevante designinformationer. Forskning har vist, at manglende designinformation og utilsigtede resultater, som byggeskader, forsinkelser og budgetoverskridelser hænger sammen. Forskning i andre områder indikerer et sammenhæng mellem informationsstyring og effektiviteten af den pågældende organisation. Dette fører til den antagelse, at bedre information i sidste ende vil føre til et bedre resultat af byggeprojektet. Selvom problemer i designinformation opleves jævnligt af entreprenører, accepteres disse som en betingelse for at drive forretning. Samtidig med at bedre designinformation er endnu ikke defineret for byggebranchen. Building Information Modeling har det immanente løfte om at forbedre kvaliteten af designinformation ved at foreslå teknologier og metoder, som formodes at forbedre designinformationen. Men Building Information Modeling giver ingen mulighed for at måle disse forbedringer af design information.Denne forskning introducerer designinformationskvalitet som ækvivalent til informationskvalitet inden for informationssystemer. Designinformationskvalitet er defineret som overensstemmelse af designinformationer leveret af designteamet til entreprenørens specifikationer for at kunne planlægge og udføre et byggeprojekt.For at beskrive designinformationskvalitet otte kriterier er identificeret. Disse er:* Relevans – omfang, rækkefølge og tidsramme for informationernes levering* Konsistens – koordinering af designinformation, med hensyn til geometri, funktionelle krav og overholdelse af reglerne med standarder og forskrifter.* Korrekthed – omfanget af manglende, forkert eller forældet design oplysninger.* Præcision – nøjagtig geometri og entydige krav til byggeprojektets omfang.* Tilgængelighed – indsats for at få sikker adgang til aktuel designinformation.* Distribution – indsatsen for at håndtere, dele og fordele design oplysninger.* Fleksibilitet – indsatsen for at omdanne, udtrække eller opdatere oplysninger til arbejdsopgaver.* Mængden af information – antallet af dokumenter og filer, og andre medier, bør være hensigtsmæssigt for byggeprojektets omfang.Kriterierne blev identificeret ved empiriske studier og teori om informationskvalitet i byggebranchen og andre industrier. Empiriske undersøgelser, blev udført for at forstå designinformationsproblemer, som entreprenøren (informationsmodtager) oplever. Disse problemer blev identificeret ved observationer og interviews foretaget i 12 organisationer. En forudsætning for at forbedre designinformationskvalitet er evnen til at identificere og specificere informationskrav til opgaven ved hånden. Kun hvis krav er klare kan disse opfyldes. Informationskrav er opgaveafhængige, og i byggebranchen er de ofte også afhængige af projektet, person og tid i projektet. Dette skyldes at byggeprojekter opfattes som unikke, derfor er arbejdsflow og dermed informationsstrømmen også unik.Videre hen foreslås i denne afhandling en metode til at identificere informationskrav i fællesskab mellem design- og udførelsesholdet. Metoden er baseret på pull planlægning fra lean construction. Desuden foreslås at anvende Information Delivery Manuals som dokumentation af informationskravene.Udover at identificere disse kriterier, beskriver afhandlingen også observerbare fænomener, til at gøre hvert kriterium målbar. En skala for at score hvert kriterier baseret på den nuværende praksis foreslås. Skalaen består af fem punkter fra den traditionelle til den mest innovative praksis. Da teknologi og praksis ændrer sig hurtigt skal definitionen af hvert fænomen justeres regelmæssigt.Endelig anvendes designinformationskvalitetsrammen på et byggeprojekt med henblik på at vurdere dets praktiske anvendelse. Rammen viser sig at give meningsfulde mål af forbedring af designinformationskvaliteten i projektet, og det peger også på områder med lav designinformationskvalitet for yderligere forbedring og efterforskning.Designinformationskvalitetsrammen er naturligvis nødt til at modnes gennem sin anvendelse i forskning og praksis. Rammen giver midlerne i entreprenøren til at formulere problemer i designinformationskvalitet og gør dermed i sidste ende designinformationskvaliteten til et konkurrenceområde. Det giver entreprenøren også muligheden for at måle effekten af teknologi og procesforbedringer, som formodes at påvirke designinformationskvaliteten. Praksis kan også bruge denne ramme til at vurdere risikoen ved lav informationskvalitet. Forskning kan bruge rammen til at identificere forholdet mellem designinformationskvalitet og positive eller negative resultater f.eks. med hensyn til byggeskader, forsinkelser og budgetoverskridelser. Dermed kan det eftervises om BIM adresserer de nævnte problemer.Contractors planning and executing construction work encounter many kinds of problems with design information, such as uncoordinated drawings and specification, missing relevant information, and late delivery of design information. Research has shown that missing design information and unintended outcomes, such as building defects, schedule delays, and budget overruns are related. Research in other fields indicates a relationship between information management and the performance and efficiency of organizations. This has led to the assumption that better information will eventually lead to a better outcome of construction work. Even though contractors regularly encounter design information problems, these issues are accepted as a condition of doing business and better design information has yet to be defined. Building information modeling has the inherent promise of improving the quality of design information by suggesting technologies and methods that are supposed to improve design information. However, building information modeling provides no means to assess these improvements of design information.This research introduces design information quality as an equivalent to information quality in the field of information systems. Design information quality is defined as conformance of the design information supplied by the design team to a contractor’s specifications for the planning and execution of a construction project.The following eight criteria have been identified in order to describe design information quality:* Relevance – scope, sequence, and time-frame of the information delivery* Consistency – the coordination of design information, with respect to geometry, functional requirements, and compliance with standards and regulations.* Correctness – extent of missing, incorrect, or outdated design information.* Precision – accurate geometry and unambiguous requirements for the scope.* Availability – effort to securely access current design information.* Distribution – effort to manage, share, and route design information.* Flexibility – effort to transform, extract, or update information for work tasks.* Amount of Information – the number of documents and files, and other media, should be appropriate for the scope.The criteria were identified by empirical studies and theory on information quality in the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) industry and other fields. Empirical research was conducted to understand the design information problems that contractors (information consumers) encounter. The problems were identified by observations and interviews made in 12 organizations.One prerequisite for improving design information quality is the ability to identify and specify information requirements for the task at hand. Requirements can only be fulfilled if they are explicit. Information requirements are task-dependent, and because AEC projects are perceived as unique, they often also depend on the project, person, and time in the project. Hence, the work flow and, consequently, the information flow are unique. Therefore, the present study suggests a method for identifying information requirements collaboratively between the design and the construction team. The method is based on pull scheduling for design from lean construction. Furthermore, the study suggests the adoption of information delivery manuals for documentation of the information requirements.Apart from identifying the criteria, the research also describes observable phenomena in order to assess each criterion. A scale is suggested to score each criterion based on the current practice. The scale consists of five points, ranging from traditional to most innovative practice. However, since technology and practice changes rapidly, the definition of each score has to be adjusted regularly.Finally, the framework is applied to a construction project in order to evaluate its practical application. The framework provides meaningful measures on the improvement of the design information quality during the project and identifies areas with low design information quality for further improvement and investigation.Naturally, the framework must mature through its application in research and practice. Nonetheless, it does provide the means for practice to articulate problems in design information quality in order to eventually make design information quality an area of competition. It also allows practice to assess the effect technology and process improvements that are supposed to affect design information quality. Practice can also use the framework to evaluate the risk of low information quality. Research can use the framework to identify the relation of design information quality and positive or negative outcomes; for example, with respect to building defects, schedule, and cost conformance

Online Research Database In Technology

Building Information Modeling for Managing Design and Construction:Assessing Design Information Quality

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/51481374/Ole_Bengt_Berard_Thesis.pdf

Building Information Modeling for Managing Design and Construction:Assessing Design Information Quality

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