Cha, Seung-Tae

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017Modeling & Simulation of Distribution GridsCha, Seung-TaePublication date:2012Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Cha, S-T. (2012). Modeling & Simulation of Distribution Grids [Sound/Visual production (digital)].Modeling & Simulation of Distribution Grids - Multi-agent based LFC for islanding operation Seung Tae Cha (ST) Centre for Electric Technology (CET) Technical University of Denmark (DTU)    June 21, 2012 @ Power Event Power Event, June2012 2 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Outline • Introduction • Real time simulation platform • Multi-agent based controller • Description of test system • Case study simulation results • Conclusion Power Event, June2012 3 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Introduction • Distribution Generation(DG) source is gaining popularity and is ever increasing in importance • DGs installed in the grid are gaining in complexity • Specially, Islanded Distribution System • Requires new forms of operation & develop sophisticated control strategies • EMT simulation is now a common tool for power system engineers • Real time simulators are more accessible than ever Power Event, June2012 4 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark  Frequency control of generators   PM1 PM2 PM3 PL Synchronous Generator N S N S N S N S ω0 ω1 PM0 PM1 ω0 ω2 PM0 PM2 ω0 ω3 PM0 PM3 N S 1. Increase in consumption  Decrease in Freq of each Gen 2. Increase in PM  based on droop characteristics of each Gen 3. AGC from grid control center  Frequency recovery Rated frequency AGC Source : WeGAT research center, Korea 2011 Power Event, June2012 5 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Partial Blackout (Sept 15, at 3pm, Korea) •Due to the shortage of frequency reserves •This could be easily prevented •As a result, 17 employees were fired (4 Gov, 5 KEPCO, 8 KPX as of Sept 28)    Power Event, June2012 6 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Goal & Idea •Develop a multi-agent based controller to stabilize the frequency and voltages of an active distribution network in the event of islanding operation    0 15 30 45 60 75 900.850.90.9511.05 VLOAD5Frequency & Voltage excursion within the limit Power Event, June2012 7 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Real Time Simulation Platform What is Real Time Simulation: –By using the RTDS Simulator, a system’s response over 1 second is computed in exactly 1 second. –For a given time step of say 50 microseconds, all calculations required  to determine the power system’s state are solved in precisely that amount of time.  Sustain real time operation •RTDS is a power system simulator that solves electromagnetic transients in real time    Power Event, June2012 8 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Real Time Simulation Platform (continue) Each agent creates its own connection and has an individual channel of control commands which ensures decentralized nature and robustness of the control Middleware SW Multi-agent Power Event, June2012 9 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Multi Agent based Controller (3 layers) •Central Control Agent is responsible for controlling & managing the grid.     •Device Agent interact directly with the physical power system components and performs control functions.    •Physical power system components are DGs, loads, lines, etc.  These agents have fixed data such as     – Generator agent (P, Q set point) – Breaker agent (open & close) – Unit names, min & max power, fuel cost coefficient – Current power production & status of the unit Power Event, June2012 10 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Multi Agent based Controller - Architecture DG agent calculates its cost function based upon its current state, and sends a bid...cumulates...which DG agent shall provide regulation service and how much power should be delivered !! 1 2 3 Power Event, June2012 11 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Modified IEEE 9-bus Test System •The modified IEEE 9-bus system comprises a 60kV, 50Hz grid which feeds an 10kV network through a 60/10 kV transformer.    – 3 DG units (1.5 MW, Bus 1,3,4) – 8 T/L – 1 TR – 4 Loads (6 MW, Bus 5 - 8) – Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Power Event, June2012 12 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Modified IEEE 9-bus Test System (continue) GPCGEN1EF IF VMPUTMWABCW1VGB1BUS1C1B1A11.00040 /_-30.08172BUS #1T-LINE NAME:T2SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T2SE123GPCGEN2EF IF VMPUTMWABCW2EF2TM22VGB2BUS3C3B3A31.00039 /_-30.07523BUS #3T-LINE NAME:T6SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T6SE123GPCGEN3EF IF VMPUTMWABCW3EF3TM33VGB3BUS4C4B4A41.00039 /_-30.06276BUS #4T-LINE NAME:T8SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T8SE123T-LINE NAME:T3RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T3RE123T-LINE NAME:T4RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T4RE123BUS2C2B2A21.00020 /_-30.06147BUS #2T-LINE NAME:T1RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T1RE123T-LINE NAME:T5RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T5RE12380.6666666780.6666666780.666666671.50 MWBUS5C5B5A51.00003 /_-30.11053BUS #5T-LINE NAME:T2RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T2RE123T-LINE NAME:T7SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T7SE12380.6666666780.6666666780.666666671.50 MWBUS6C6B6A61.00015 /_-30.09676BUS #6T-LINE NAME:T3SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T3SE123T-LINE NAME:T8RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T8RE12380.6666666780.6666666780.666666671.50 MWBUS7C7B7A70.99992 /_-30.09417BUS #7BUS8C8B8A80.99992 /_-30.10040BUS #81 <-- SS --> 1T2T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T2T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T3T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T3T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T4T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T4T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T6T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T6T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T7T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T7T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T8T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T8T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS2 -- BUS7<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS2 -- BUS8<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS5 -- BUS1<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS5 -- BUS3<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS6 -- BUS1<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS4 -- BUS6<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS7 -- BUS4<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS6 -- BUS1<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS8 -- BUS3<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS7 -- BUS4ABCABCTmva = 2106011Trf = 2Winding#1#2 ILagsRISCStation9C9B9A91.00000 /_ 0.00000BUS #9SRC1GPC111ABCAC TypeEll=60.025037kVSCR = 1.0 /_0 degZth = Ohms<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS5 -- BUS1T-LINE NAME:T1SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T1SE123BRKG170BRKG1BRK10ABRK10CBRK10B<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS5 -- BUS3T-LINE NAME:T5SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T5SE123BRKG270BRKG2<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS4 -- BUS6T-LINE NAME:T7RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T7RE123A8B8C8rmspuVLOAD8A7B7C7rmspuVLOAD7A6B6C6rmspuVLOAD6A5B5C5rmspuVLOAD5BRK4P4P4P3P3BRKG3BRKG370BRKG4701.50 MWEXTERNN3eN2eN1e1.00000/_0.00000<-- BUS -->BUS2 -- BUS8<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- SS -->S1 -- S1<-- BUS -->BUS8 -- BUS3T-LINE NAME:T6RECEIVING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T6RE123T-LINE NAME:T4SENDING  ENDTERMINAL NAME:T4SE123P1P1IEEE Type 1Governor/TurbineGEN1Tm(HP)wGEN1IEEE Type ST1ExcitationSystemEf If VpuVsEF1TM11P2P2IEEE Type 1Governor/TurbineGEN2Tm(HP)wGEN2IEEE Type ST1ExcitationSystemEf If VpuVsGEN3IEEE Type ST1ExcitationSystemEf If VpuVsIEEE Type 1Governor/TurbineGEN3Tm(HP)w<-- BUS -->BUS2 -- BUS7<-- SS -->S1 -- S1BRK9ABRK9CBRK9BBUS16N48N47N460.99992/_-30.1004080.6666666780.6666666780.66666667T5T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T5T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1T1T-LINE NAME:LINE CONSTANTS:T1T-LINE / CABLECALCULATION BLOCKCONTROL ANDMONITOR INTHIS SUBSYSTEM1 <-- SS --> 1Place control processor wherethe GTNET-DNP card is physically connected.IEE2STPSSGEN3Pe wVs0.0W31 <-- SS --> 1IEE2STPSSGEN2Pe wVs0.0W2IEE2STPSSGEN1Pe wVs0.0W1A5FREQfrequencyHzA5A6frequencyHzA6FREQA7frequencyHzA7FREQA8frequencyHzA8FREQ0.2SL1PB210PB110 B CACB9S-RFLIPFLOPSRQQ0.20.2BRKOPEN10timeCB2S-RFLIPFLOPSRQQPower Event, June2012 13 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Modified IEEE 9-bus Test System (continue) •Intelligent controller : Reacts to respond quickly to the frequency deviation in the event of islanding situation (LFC scheme to control the speed of DGs)    Measures the system frequency and changes load setting of DGs via the AGC signal based on participation factors calculated using cost-functions associated with each DG unit. Power Event, June2012 14 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Simulated Grid in RTDS CJLFC (MA) DG 1 DG 2 BESS Send out change in the power output  of the BESS  DG 3 Changes load setting of DGs via the AGC signal based on participation factors Measurement Control Reference Secondary Regulation Primary Regulation Power Event, June2012 15 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Power Event, June2012 16 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Simulation of Islanding Operation Case I Step1. Loss of 1.5 MW power from the grid due to an outage or intentional islanding Step2. Created an imbalance in the islanded part of the network Step3. Load agents observe voltage & frequency drop Step4. Load agents contact DF agent for any available regulation service Step5. DF agents informs the current service availability and provides its reference (i.e P_Gen2=0.6415) Step6. Load agents request DG #2 agent for provision of service Step7. DG #2 agent accepts the request and provides the service by increasing its active power set point Step 8. Voltage & frequency recover at the nodes of all loads Power Event, June2012 17 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Case 1 – External source disconnected Case I Change the set points of Generators Power Event, June2012 18 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Simulation Results Case I Power Event, June2012 19 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark The MA controller was capable of bring back the frequency to 50Hz and restored at about 50 s. 50s 73s Power Event, June2012 20 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 60s 42s The MA controller was also capable of reducing the voltage deviations and keeping them within the permissible limits. Power Event, June2012 21 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Power Event, June2012 22 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Case 2 – External source disconnected Case II Load Shedding at Bus 8 Power Event, June2012 23 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Simulation Results Case II Power Event, June2012 24 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 0 15 30 45 60 75 9049.955050.0550.150.15A5FREQ0 15 30 45 60 75 9049.955050.0550.150.15A6FREQ0 15 30 45 60 75 9049.955050.0550.150.15A7FREQ0 15 30 45 60 75 9049.955050.0550.150.15A8FREQ90s The controller was capable of bring back the frequency to 50Hz and restored at about 90 s. Power Event, June2012 25 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 0 15 30 45 60 75 900.997550.999031.000511.001991.003471.004961.00644VLOAD50 15 30 45 60 75 900.997560.999011.000471.001921.003371.004831.00628VLOAD60 15 30 45 60 75 900.997310.998771.000231.001691.003151.004621.00608VLOAD70 15 30 45 60 75 908.049E-70.166630.333270.49990.666530.833170.9998VLOAD8The controller was also capable of reducing the voltage deviations and keeping them within the permissible limits. Power Event, June2012 26 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark LFC-ON LFC-OFF MA based LFC + Coordination with BESS Power Event, June2012 27 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Wind Speed Variation from 12m/s to 10m/s Power Event, June2012 28 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Conclusions • A multi-agent based controller for islanding operation of active distribution system has been proposed to help stabilize the frequency & voltage • The proposed contoller can respond to the islanding situation fast and efficiently stabilize the frequency & voltage with a coordination of BESS under contingency • However, there are a number of challenges • Multi-set of DG units & loads, coordination strategies, and scalability • SOC control scheme for energy storage Power Event, June2012 29 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark • CONTRIBUTOR : Qiuwei, Arshad, Haoran, Christian, Jacob   Power Event, June2012 30 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Bornholm Power System •The Bornholm power system comprises a 60kV, 50Hz grid which feeds an 10kV network through a 60/10kV transformer.    – Peak Load : 63 MW – 18 Substations – AC submarine cable connection to Sweden – 44 Transformers – Unit 5 : 25 MW – Unit 6 : 37.5 MW CHP – Wind, Biogas, Diesels (67 MW) – BESS Power Event, June2012 31 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Power Event, June2012 32 DTU Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark • Development of Generic Model of Bornholm Power System  Danish Benchmark (similar to IEEE benchmark) for publicly available (ISGT 2012) • PSO Optimization for BESS controller • Implementation of IEC Generic Wind Turbine Modelling (Type 1A/B, Type 3)    • To accomodate more wind power and 400 V grid    

Modeling &amp; Simulation of Distribution Grids

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Modeling & Simulation of Distribution Grids

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Modeling &amp; Simulation of Distribution Grids

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Modeling & Simulation of Distribution Grids