Götschi, T.

Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick

Schwanen, T.

Tainio, M.

Woodcock, J.

Online Research Database In Technology

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017What are the health and greenhouse gas implications of travel patterns in differentEuropean settings?Woodcock, J.; Tainio, M.; Götschi, T.; Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick; Schwanen, T.Publication date:2012Link back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Woodcock, J., Tainio, M., Götschi, T., Nielsen, T. A. S., & Schwanen, T. (2012). What are the health andgreenhouse gas implications of travel patterns in different European settings? [Sound/Visual production (digital)].RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 03/07/2012Centre for Diet and Activity Research What are the health and greenhouse gas implications of travel patterns in different European settings? Woodcock J: University of Cambridge Tainio M: Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences Götschi T: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich  Nielsen TS: Transport policy and behaviour, Technical University of Denmark Schwanen T: Transport Studies Unit, Oxford University Centre for Diet and Activity Research Modelling Tool Centre for Diet and Activity Research • World Health Organization 2010 data for every country • Weighted measure of health burden, compared against age specific ‘ideal’ life expectancy  • Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) • Years of Life Lost (YLL) • Years of Healthy Life Lost due to Disability (YLD)     DALY = YLL + YLD  ITHIM Centre for Diet and Activity Research California Bay Area Maizlish N, Woodcock J, Co S, Ostro B, Fanai A, Farley D. Health Co-Benefits and Transportation-Related Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Bay Area: Technical Report. California Department of Public Health, November 2011. Centre for Diet and Activity Research -2000-10000100020003000400050006000Best Practice Short Trips Carbon GoalDALYs per million popualtion AirpollutionPhysicalActivityInjuriesCalifornia Bay Area Centre for Diet and Activity Research Modelling Impact of Geographical Variation Centre for Diet and Activity Research Centre for Diet and Activity Research   England & Wales (urban) Netherlands (urban) Denmark (urban) Switzerland (urban) London   Years 2002-2008 analysed   2005  2006 2005 2005-2008  Sample Size (approx) 80,000 people 35,000 people 7,000 people   30,000 people 12,000 people  Length of survey 7 day travel diary but walking trips <1 mile only on 1 day 1 day travel diary 1 day travel diary  1 day travel diary 1 day travel diary Population covered (urban) 40 million 13.7 million 4.7 million 5.7 million  2.9 million Walking trip 250 metres 250 metres 250 metres 250 metres  250 metres Time & distance estimated by  Self-reported time & distance Self-reported time & distance Self-reported time and distance, but telephone support Self-reported time & distance Self-reported time.  Point to point distance Centre for Diet and Activity Research Walking: minutes per week men 05010015020025030035040015-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+Minutes per wek  England & WalesNetherlandsDenmarkSwitzerlandInner LondonCentre for Diet and Activity Research Walking: minutes per week women 05010015020025030035015-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+Mintues per week England & WalesNetherlandsDenmarkSwitzerlandInner LondonCentre for Diet and Activity Research % cycling on one day men 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+England & WalesNetherlandsDenmarkSwitzerlandLondonCentre for Diet and Activity Research % cycling on one day women 0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+England & WalesNetherlandsDenmarkSwitzerlandLondonCentre for Diet and Activity Research Mode split: time 050100150200250300England/Wales Netherlands Denmark Switzerland Inner LondonMinutes per person per week WalkCyclePubliccar <8kmcar >8kmCentre for Diet and Activity Research 050100150200250England & Wales Netherlands Denmark Switzerland LondonKm per person per week Car km Centre for Diet and Activity Research 00.511.522.533.5England/Wales Netherlands Denmark Switzerland Londonactive travel time active travel distance93 mins 7 km          / week Relative time & distance active travel Centre for Diet and Activity Research Metabolically Equivalent Tasks (METs) • Mass adjusted measure of energy expenditure   7.5  bicycling, general  3.5 bicycling, leisure, 5.5 mph 5.8 bicycling, leisure, 9.4 mph 6.8 bicycling, 10-11.9 mph, leisure, slow, light effort  8.0 bicycling, 12-13.9 mph, leisure, moderate effort  10.0  bicycling, 14-15.9 mph, racing or leisure, fast, vigorous effort  3.0  walking, 2.5 mph, level, firm surface  3.3  walking, 2.5 mph, downhill  3.5  walking, 2.8 to 3.2 mph, level, moderate pace, firm surface  4.3 walking, 3.5 mph, level, brisk, firm surface, walking for exercise  Centre for Diet and Activity Research Variation weekly walking energy expenditure: England & Wales men Centre for Diet and Activity Research Swiss: men walking distribution Centre for Diet and Activity Research England & Wales: women cycling distribution Centre for Diet and Activity Research Netherlands: women cycling distribution Centre for Diet and Activity Research Health gains across settings 0100020003000400050006000Inner London Denmark Netherlands SwitzerlandDALY per million population Centre for Diet and Activity Research Obesity rates adults 2009 Centre for Diet and Activity Research Netherlands: contribution of disease to reduction in total burden Ischemic Heart Disease 37% Stroke 19% Dementia 15% Diabetes 9% Depression 10% Colon cancer 5% Breast Cancer 5% Centre for Diet and Activity Research Switzerland: % reductions by disease 0%5%10%15%20%25%IHD Stroke Dementia Diabetes Depression Colon cancer BreastCancerCentre for Diet and Activity Research Conclusions • Impact of differences on health large  • Co-benefits not automatic  • How can we achieve both? Centre for Diet and Activity Research Next Steps Centre for Diet and Activity Research ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  This work was undertaken by the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence.   Funding from the British Heart Foundation, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged.   Centre for Diet and Activity Research England & Wales Scenarios Centre for Diet and Activity Research England & Wales Results 010002000300040005000600070008000900010000Vision 1 Vision 2 Vision 3DALYs per  million population Air pollutionPhysicalActivityInjuriesCentre for Diet and Activity Research ITHIM 

What are the health and greenhouse gas implications of travel patterns in different European settings?

Modelling studies have indicated the potential for substitution of car use with walking and cycling to achieve both large health benefits and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. There is considerable variation in walking, cycling, car and public transport use between different European settings. However, there has been limited rigorous investigation of the impact of these differences on health and greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper we present modelled results on what would be the health and greenhouse gas implications if a setting with high levels of car use and low levels of cycling (urban population in England and Wales outside London) had the same travel patterns as people in other more active European locations. These comparator locations were the Netherlands and Denmark (noted for their high cycling), Switzerland (high walking and public transport use) and London (much higher public transport and low car use than in the rest of the UK). Travel patterns by age group and gender were estimated using national travel surveys and the London travel demand survey. The analysis was differentiated by gender and age. Health (physical activity, air pollution and road traffic injuries) and greenhouse gas modelling were conducted using ITHIM (Integrated Transport and Health Impact Modelling tool). The analysis suggests that differences in travel patterns are making an important contribution to population health but that lower transport related greenhouse gas emissions do not always coincide with greater active travel. Policies should be carefully designed and evaluated to try and achieve both health and climate goals

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What are the health and greenhouse gas implications of travel patterns in different European settings?

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