Kiviluoma, Juha

Meibom, Peter

Online Research Database In Technology

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017Power system value of smart versus dumb charging of EVsMeibom, Peter; Kiviluoma, JuhaPublication date:2011Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Meibom, P., & Kiviluoma, J. (2011). Power system value of smart versus dumb charging of EVs [Sound/Visualproduction (digital)]. Workshop hos Dansk Energi: El til vejtransport, fleksible el-systemer og vindkraft,Frederiksberg (DK), 8 Mar, 01/01/2011Power system value of smart versus dumb charging of EVsPeter Meibom, Risø DTUJuha Kiviluoma, VTT, FinlandRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkModelling EVs in the power system• Model runs with Wilmar and Balmorel• Investment decisions and costs from Balmorel (www.balmorel.com)• Operational costs from Wilmar (www.wilmar.risoe.dk)• Both have EVs included• Example case: Finland 2035• Time-scale is hourly, geographic resolution is regions or countries• Both models include an EV module (Wilmar module made by VTT)• Note!• Grid impacts not included (distribution grids may be heavily impacted)• Kiviluoma, J., Meibom, P., Methodology for modelling plug-in electric vehicles in the power system and cost estimates for a system with either smart or dumb electric vehicles, Energy, epublished, DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.053.Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkGeneration investment model Balmorel• Developed by Hans Ravn, RAM-løse edb• Further development and usage: Risø DTU, EA Energianalyse, Cowi, Energinet.dk • Balmorel is one of the few generation expansion models that handles wind power in hourly time scale• The model optimises investments and operation of the energy system so that it can meet the loads from hour to hour over the whole year • Simplified to 26 weeks• Investment costs are annualised• Wind power is one of the investment options (at low price)• Includes CHP plants and heat boilers for district heating• No demand for reserves• Capacity adequacy requirementRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkStochastic unit commitment and dispatch model Wilmar• Improve operational decisions in power systems (unit commitment and dispatch of units) by using not only:• The expected value of wind power and load forecasts• But also accuracy of forecast, i.e. the distribution of forecast errors• Approach: • Hourly system-wide stochastic optimisation model with stochastic input parameters• Covering both day-ahead scheduling and rescheduling (up and down regulation) due to updated forecasts• Rolling planning with updated forecasts• Exogenously defined demand for positive spinning reserve• Endogenously defined demand for tertiary reserves (regulating power)Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkDumb versus smart charging• Dumb charging:• Vehicles start charging at maximum loading capacity as soon as plugged in and countinues until batteries are full• No provision of reserves and no V2G• EVs have similar effects as wind: net load variability increases• Smart charging:• V2G possible• Charging/discharging planned day-ahead• Rescheduling of charging/discharging plans possible intra-day• EVs can provide spinning and tertiary reserves by reserving charging/discharging capacity• Cases are extreme: all EVs are smart or all EVs are dumb chargingRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkModeling of vehicle behaviour• Data from the Finnish National Transport Survey 2004-2005• The share of arriving and departing vehicles for each hour• Accounts for the variatioin in average distance travelled• Separately for weekdays, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, official holidays, and days between a weekend and a holiday• Weekly index to accommodate inter-annual variation• Departure and arrival are linked7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 16 17 18 19Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkModeling of EVs• EVs modeled as electricity storages not always connected to the power grid and while gone, spend some of their stored electricity• Each vehicle type has its own general electricity storage pool in each model region• Leaving vehicle takes required amount of electricity from the storage pool• It also takes away the amount of storage capacity its battery has and gives it back upon arrival Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkEVs • ½ million full electric vehicles (FEVs), ½ million PHEVs• 200 km driving range for FEVs• 100 km driving range of PHEVs• Plug-in pattern:• 98% at home• 20% at work• Driving pattern:• On average 3 trips per day• Combined distance of 52 km• Charging opportunity every 39 km• Usable storage size• Fluctuates• Around one hour of peak demand• EVs leaves grid with full batteriesStudy setupWe Th Fr SaStorage capacity and usage (model results)Storage [MWh] & charging [MW]StoredStoragecapacityCharging/dischargingRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkCapacity of New Power Plants in the Different Balmorel Scenarios21-aug-2008Title of the presentation9MW of ElectricityPower Plant TypeNo EVs Dumb SmartNo 500NatGas comb. cycle cond. 363 520 16 16NatGas open cycle cond. 2861 3580 2519 3024Nuclear 5312 5688 5312 5312Wind 4705 5130 6122 6122Forest residue CHP 1203 1206 1196 1192Wood waste CHP 76 73 73 75Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkCalculating benefits of smart charging by comparing model runs21-aug-2008Title of the presentation10Balmorel run Wilmar runSpinning reserve Smart SmartSmart Smart no spinIntra-day flexibilitySmart Smart no spinNo 500 Smart, no spin, no intra-day flexibilityDay-ahead planningNo 500 Smart, no spin, no intra-day flexibilityDumb DumbRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkBENEFITS OF SMART CHARGINGTotal 227 €/vehicle/yearRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkSYSTEM VS. MARKET BENEFITSRisø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkVEHICLE-TO-GRIDScenario Cost over Base(€/vehicle/year)No V2G allowed 53V2G half of the vehicles6,7Risø DTU, Technical University of DenmarkConclusions• Smart charging allows for higher amount of wind power• Timing of charging constitutes main part of benefit with V2G less important• Benefit for vehicle users of smart charging only 25% of socio-economic benefit• Benefit of V2G mostly related to provision of spinning reserves• 87% of V2G benefit can be provided by equipping half of the vehicles with V2G21-aug-2008Title of the presentation14

Power system value of smart versus dumb charging of EVs

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Power system value of smart versus dumb charging of EVs

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