Hansen, G.

Kemp, K.

Palmgren Jensen, F.

Tscherning Møller, J.

Our earlier developed (1) preparation technique for multi-element analysis og rat liver tissue by induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. PIXEÆ was used on pig liver and kidney and on human liver. The detection limits and the reproducibility of samples from the same organ were the same as earlier. Only As and Ni showed great variations within the same organ. the investigation did not eludicate whether these variations were due to a really different distribution of these elements or to experimental errors. Unlike earlier investigations (2) our measurements showed relatively small variations within the same organ (5-10 per cent) of the concentration of most elements in human liver

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017Multi-element analysis of human liver and pig liver and kidneyForskningscenter Risø, Roskilde; Palmgren Jensen, F.; Tscherning Møller, J.; Hansen, G.Publication date:1975Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Kemp, K., Palmgren Jensen, F., Tscherning Møller, J., & Hansen, G. (1975). Multi-element analysis of humanliver and pig liver and kidney.  (Risø-M; No. 1822).A. E.K.Risø Risø-M-EILJ tv I Titte and author(s) Multi-element Analyse f and Kidney cy R,, r-.emr, r . r ^ m g r e r . • er.f<v , „ . . . * and ' j v r - r.ar.ser. peges + ubles •+ tttustnttons D*te L*«5artT.ert c group -.'-r •: •-•-i en ver: -_e -., : :.V^xc: Group s own registration number(s) I Abstrtct Our earlier developed [i] preparation techr.i-jue f: r multi-elemer.t analysis of rat liver tissue by ?r-*-:r. induced X-ray emission spectroscopy ?'.'Az.; was '-sed OR pig liver and kidney and nn human liver. The detection limits and the reproducibility ,-,-f samries from the sa,tie organ were the same as earlier. Only As and Hi showed great variations within the s*»me organ. The investigation did not elucidate whether these variations were due to a really different dis-tribution of these elements or to experimental er Unlike earlier investigations [ <] our measurements! ehowed relatively small variations withir. the same organ (5-10 per cent) of the concentration of most elements in human liver. Copies to v— *•* <: * The Poyal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Available on requett from th« Library of the Danieh Atomic Energy Commieeion (Atoinenergikommieeionenf BibUotek), Rie#, BK-4000 Roekilde, Denmark » ^ ^ t . ^ . /*** «« «1 rtl ~t **A f l — i A 3 t l H MW 8 ? » W 1 »age 1. Introduction 2 2. Staples 2 3. Experiments and results 2 *». Discussion 3 Acknovledgeaents I* References W Tables 2 1. Introduction Our earlier investigations [l] have shown that analysis by proton-induced I-ray emission (PIXE) is very suitable for determination of the elemental content of rat liver. Simultaneously, all elements heavier than silicon can be determined in concentrations down to 0*5 PP* in dry tissue. The reproducibility of the results fron iifferent parts of the same organ was good for all the elements determined, even if only approximately 1/2 tsg was used for the analysis. This report describes an extension of the investigations to comprise pig liver and kidney and human liver. The purpose of the investigations was to test the method of preparation on other types of tissue, and to exam-ine the homogeneity of these types of tissue. 2. Samples Liver and kidney samples were taken from 10 pigs, all weighing approx. 60 kg when slaughtered. Feeding had been normal. The liver sections were taken from the centre of the organs. The kidney sections were taken from the centre zone of the renal cortex. The human liver samples originated from four females and four males deceased at ages of 70-90 years in Copenhagen. The sections were taken fro« the centre of the liver« 3. Experiments and results From each organ nine.60 urn thick, self-supporting, freeze-dried cryostat sections [l] were analysed. These analyses were performed in order to determine the mean value and the variations is the concentration of the elements within the same organ. In addition,one 2 mm thick sample from each organ was used for deter' mination of the mean thickness of the corresponding 60 urn sections by com-paring the concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Rb in the two types of sample. Heasurements of the energy loss of scattered protons were also performed in order to check the thickness variations. From the deviations of the results (tables 1-3) it was estimated that the thickness variations with-in the same organ »ere less then %» The mean thickness of sections from 3 different organs Taried from ^ 3 to dl um, probably due to different adjust-ments of the oicrotone in the different sectionings. The procedure for determining the aeans and variations of the section thickness has earlier been described in detail [l]. The results of the analysis are shown in tables 1-3, which include •aan concentrations of each eleaent fro« each organ, the corresponding emtiamted experimental uncertainty and standard deviation (scatter of the results around osen eleaant concentration from each organ)* For nearly all eleaents the scatter of the results can be explained by the enperiaen-tal uncertainty. Only the standard deviations of Ni and As concentrations ware considerably greater than the uncertainties. The man values of the standard deviations for these elements were 57% and 5C*> for all organs ana-lysed. These values are approximately twice the corresponding uncertain-tin. In the rat liver analysis [l} Ni was not included, but the As con-tent determined shoved no standard deviation greater than the uncertain-ties, within the same organ. The difference between the results for rats and our new results might be caused by a fine structure in the organs. However, it is not possible to exclude the occurrence of contamination (e.g. from the sectioning knife) in these measurements. k. Discussion la order to compare the content of elements in different types of organs, ws calculated the mean values and the standard deviations of the analysis results fros each type of organ (table <0. Due to the above mentioned reasons the results for Ni and As are omitted in the comparison. A remarkable resemblance was found between the contents of most el-ements in the different organs. The differences in the standard deviat-ions (smallest in rat and greatest in human tissue) can be explained by the very uniform feeding of rata, the less uniform feeding of pigs, end the varied sating habits of humans. The variation of the Pe content is probably due to differences in the anoint of blood retained in the tissue. Keither the previously observed correlation between Fe, As and 8« [l], int other correlation between eleaents, was observed in human and pig tissue. The ratios between the concentration of the single elements in til* jig- kidney and liver ars shown in table 5, It is stsn that the calculat-ed standard deivations are in most cases smaller than expected from the k random variation estimated as the squared sum of the standard deviations of pig liver end kidney results (cf. table * ) . This indicates a corre-lation in the content of the two organs from the same animal. The great-est difference in the concentrations of the same element ia found for Se; also S, CI, Ca, and Mn showed ratios differing from one. The possibility of using small samples (< lg wet weight) to represent s whole human organ has been investigated by Schicha et a l . [ 2 ] . The stan-dard deviations were determined by analysis of a great number of samples from each organ. The deviation for liver was found to be approximately 15* for Co, Fe, Se, end Zn. This i s considerably greater than the values l i s t -ed above (table J) . Acknowledgements Thanks ara due to the Danish Agricultural and Veterinary Research Council for the financial support of the project, and to the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen vfor placing the Van de Qreaff accelerator at our disposal for the investigations. References 1. K. Kemp, T. Palmgren Jensen, J. Tscheming Heller, and 0. Hansen, Rise-M-1752 (1972) (Danish Atomic Energy Commission) 2. H. Schicha, X. Kasperek, L.E. Feinendegen, V. Si l ler, sad H.J. 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Multi-element analysis of human liver and pig liver and kidney

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Multi-element analysis of human liver and pig liver and kidney

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