University of Zagreb. School of Medicine. Chair of Neurology.
Abstract
Parkinsonova bolest (PB) je kronična neurodegenerativna bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava (SŽS) karakterizirana nedostatkom neurotransmitera dopamina, tj. propadanjem dopaminergičkih neurona u djelu mozga koji se zove crna tvar (substantia nigra), a zadužen je za kontrolu pokreta. Glavni simptomi PB su tremor, rigor, bradikinezija i posturalna nestabilnost. Uz njih, česti su i drugi simptomi poput depresije, demencije, poremećaja spavanja i poremećaja autonomnih funkcija. Dijagnoza PB uglavnom se zasniva na kliničkom nalazu i rjeđe, slikovnim metodama prikaza. Liječenje je simptomatsko, a sastoji se od farmakoterapije, kirurških metoda liječenja i fizikalne terapije. Poremećaji govora često se javljaju u pacijenata s PB. Oboljeli govore nerazumljivo, tiho, sporo i hrapavim glasom te to negativno utječe na kvalitetu njihovog svakodnevnog života. U liječenju poremećaja govora na raspolaganju su medikamentno i neurokiruško liječenje te govorna terapija. Govorna terapija smatra se najbitnijim dijelom rehabilitacije. Najčešće korištene metode su Lee Silverman metoda (LSVT) i Alexander metoda.Parkinson's disease (PB) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by dopamine deficiency, or by deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the part of the brain called substantia nigra, which is responsible for motor control. The main symptoms of PD are tremor, rigor, bradykinesia and postural instability. Along with them, other symptoms such as depression, dementia, sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction, are also common. Diagnosis of PD is mainly based on clinical findings and rarely on imaging techniques. The treatment is symptomatic and consists of pharmacotherapy, surgical methods and physical therapy. Speech disorders often occur in patients with PD. Their speech is influent, quiet and slow, in a rough voice, which negatively affects the quality of their everyday life. Medications, neurosurgical procedures and speech therapy are available in the treatment of speech disorders. Speech therapy is considered to be the most important part of rehabilitation. The most commonly used methods are the Lee Silverman voice treatment (LSVT) and the Alexander technique
