Urinary Incontinence as Consequence of Castration in Bitches

Abstract

Najčešći uzrok urinarne inkontinencije kod kuja je kastracija. Točan mehanizam nastanka te odnos estrogena i testosterona nije u potpunosti razjašnjen. Brojne studije navode vezu između urinarne inkontinencije i dobi životinje u trenutku kastracije. Rezultati tih istraživanja su različiti, no postoji općenito mišljenje da se rizik od nastanka urinarne inkontinencije kuja povećava ukoliko su kastrirane prije trećeg mjeseca starosti. Starost životinje kod ovarijektomije nema utjecaja na razvoj urinarne inkontinencije ukoliko životinja u odrasloj dobi neće težiti više od 15 kg tjelesne težine. Manje pasmine pasa imaju manji rizik od nastanka urinarne inkontinencije i čini se da rizik nije povezan s dobi kada je životinja kastrirana. U većih pasmina pasa, čija očekivana težina u odrasloj dobi premašuje 15 kg tjelesne težine, povećava se rizik od urinarne inkontinencije. Uzroci urinarne inkontinencije dijele se na neurološke i ne-neurološke. Urinarnu inkontinenciju je lagano dijagnosticirati, ali pravi uzrok inkontinencije zahtjeva provedbu opsežne dijagnostike. Primarna metoda liječenja je medikamentozna terapija u kojoj važnu ulogu imaju α-agonisti. U slučajevima kada medikamentozna terapije ne daje željene rezultate, prelazi se na intervencijske i kirurške metode.The most common cause of urinary incontinence in bitches is castration. The exact mechanism of the origin and the correlation with the estrogen and testosterone ratio have not yet been completely explained. Numerous studies indicate the interrelation of urinary incontinence and the age of the animal at the moment of castration. The results of these studies differ, but there is a general belief that the risk of urinary incontinence in bitches is higher if the animals are castrated before three months of age. In ovariectomy the age of the animal will not affect the development of urinary incontinence provided the body weight of the adult animal does not exceed 15 kilograms. In smaller dog breeds the risk of developing urinary incontinence is lower and this risk does not seem to correlate with the age when castration is performed. In bigger dog breeds where the expected adult body weight exceeds 15 kilograms the risk of urinary incontinence is higher. The causes of urinary incontinence can be classified as neurological and non-neurological. Urinary incontinence is easy to diagnose, but determining its exact cause requires extensive diagnostics. The primary method of treatment is through medication in which α-agonists play a major role. In cases where medication therapy fails interventional and surgical methods are used