Tooth eruption disorders : etiology and therapy

Abstract

Poznavanje mehanizma razvoja i procesa nicanja zubi vaţno je zbog razumijevanja patoloških stanja koja se mogu javiti u dječjoj dobi, kako bismo ih na vrijeme uočili i liječili. Nicanje zubi je vremenski odreĎen i kompleksan dogaĎaj na kojeg utječu lokalni, sistemski i genetski čimbenici. Kašnjenje erupcije zubi dulje od šest mjeseci treba obvezno klinički i radiološki provjeriti. Kad je riječ o poremećajima u nicanju zubi, u mliječnoj denticiji najčešće su eruptivne ciste i ankiloza koja moţe utjecati na nicanje trajnog nasljednika. Poremećaji u mliječnoj denticiji većinom ne zahtijevaju intervenciju. U trajnoj denticiji su češći prekobrojni i retinirani/impaktirani zubi koji mogu dovesti do daljnjih poremećaja u nicanju, kao što su ektopično nicanje, razvoj odontoma ili odontogenih cisti. Takva stanja zahtijevaju kiruršku intervenciju, često kombiniranu s ortodontskom terapijom. Stanja koja uzrokuju poremećeno nicanje zubi većinom su asimptomatska i slučajno se otkrivaju na rutinskim rendgenskim snimkama. Najvredniji je ortopan na kojem moţemo utvrditi poziciju zuba, stadij razvoja i eventualno postojanje patoloških promjena, kao i nepostojanje zubnog zametka. Vaţno je provoditi rane preglede djece, kako bismo na vrijeme uočili nepravilnosti u zubnom luku, postavili dijagnozu i započeli s pravovremenim liječenjem koje će djetetu omogućiti nesmetan razvoj i normalno funkcioniranje.Knowledge on the mechanisms of tooth development and the processes of tooth eruption is important for understanding childhood dental pathology, its timely recognition and treatment. Teeth eruption is time-determined and complex occurrence influenced by local, systemic and genetic factors. Teeth eruption delayed for more than six months calls for a mandatory clinical and X-ray check-up. The most common primary dentition disorders are eruption cysts and ankylosis, which may affect the eruption of the succedaneous tooth. In general, primary dentition disorders do not require an intervention. Disorders more commonly seen with permanent dentition are tooth retention, impacted and supernumerary teeth that may cause further eruption disturbances, such as ectopic eruption and the development of odontomata or odontogenic cysts. The above disorders require surgical intervention, often combined with orthodontic treatment. States that cause eruption disturbances are mostly asymptomatic and get to be discovered by chance during routine X-ray examinations. Within this context, the most valuable diagnostic tool is a panoramic radiograph that allows for the determination of tooth position and its developmental stage, as well as for the identification of possible pathology or the absence of tooth germ. In children, early dental check-ups should be arranged so as to timely detect dental arch irregularities, diagnose the disorder and start treatment, all of that so as to allow for a normal growth and functioning of a child