University of Zagreb. Faculty of Science. Department of Biology.
Abstract
Odlagališta otpada su neizbježna posljedica nacionalne ekonomije, a totalno recikliranje krutog (čvrstog) otpada nije moguće. Količina i kvaliteta krutog otpada koji se odlaže u prvom redu ovisi o ekonomskom i kulturnom stupnju razvoja društva. Strategije odlaganja otpada određene su politikom, dok su iza primijenjenog načina odlaganja otpada svjesno ili nesvjesno prikrivena etička, socijalna i ekonomska načela društva. Strategija odlaganja otpada presudno utječe na cjelokupni sustav postupanja s otpadom. Što je odlagalište bolje definirano s aspekta geokemijskih graničnih uvjeta u prostoru i vremenu, potrebna je bolja obrada otpada koji se odlaže. Tako visokorazvijene zemlje imaju koncept integralnog zbrinjavanja otpada i zakonske propise za izgradnju sanitarnih deponija i za sanaciju postojećih. Procjedne vode sada su prepoznate kao jedan od najvećih problema povezanih s radom odlagališta. Taj tekući otpad uzrokuje znatne probleme zagađenja u kontaktu s tlom, podzemnom ili površinskom vodom. Studija pokazuje da rizik zagađenja okoliša koju predstavljaju odlagališta otpada treba biti ocijenjen od strane integriranog kemijskog, mikrobiološkog i ekotoksikološkog praćenja programa. Konačni je cilj zaštita ljudskog zdravlja, ali i okoliša, a o inženjerima, znanju i iskustvu ovisi izbor načina i tehnika kojima se cilj nastoji postići.Landfills are an inevitable consequence of the national economy, and the total recycling of rigid (solid) waste is not possible. Quantity and quality of solid waste disposed in the first place depends on the degree of economic and cultural development of society. Strategy for waste disposal are determined by the politics, while behind the applied methods of waste disposal, consciously or unconsciously concealed ethical, social and economic principles of society. Waste management strategy is crucial to the overall system of waste management. What a dump better defined in terms of geochemical boundary conditions in space and time, needed a better treatment of waste deposited. Thus, developed countries have the concept of integrated waste management and legislation for the construction of sanitary landfill and rehabilitation of existing ones. Leachate is now recognized as one of the biggest problems associated with landfill operations. The liquid waste is causing significant pollution problems in contact with the soil, groundwater or surface water. The study shows that environmental risk posed by waste disposal should be evaluated by an integrated chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological monitoring programs. The ultimate goal is to protect human health and the environment, about engineers, knowledge and experience dependent selection methods and techniques that are trying to achieve a goal
