Phytocoenological characteristics of beech and fir forests/Omphalodo-Fagetum( Tregubov 1957 corr. Puncer 1980) Marinček et al. 1993/in the National Park Risnjak

Abstract

U radu su istražene fitocenološke karakteristike šuma bukve i jele (Omphalodo-Fagetum (Tregubov 1957) Marinček et al. 1993) u Nacionalnom parku Risnjak. Istraživanje, analiza i prikaz istraživanih sastojina provedeni su prema načelima ciriško – monpelješke fitocenološke škole (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). Na deset fitocenoloških ploha evidentirali smo 108 biljnih vrsta karakterističnih za dinarske bukovo-jelove šume. Među njima izdvajamo vrste ilirskoga flornoga geoelementa presudne za nomenklaturnu i sintaksonomsku klasifikaciju ovih sastojina. To su Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Calamintha grandiflora, Cardamine enneaphyllos, Cardamine kitaibelii, Cardamine trifolia, Cyclamen purpurascens, Daphne laureola, Euphorbia carniolica, Geranium nodosum, Hacquetia epipactis, Helleborus niger, Homogyne sylvestris, Lamium orvala, Lathraea squamaria, Omphalodes verna, Rhamnus alpinus ssp. fallax, Ruscus hypoglossum. Usporedba istraživanih šuma sa sastojinama iz istočnih i središnjih dijelova hrvatskih dinarida pokazuje da između njih nema značajnije razlike i mogu se svrstati u istu asocijaciju. Usporedba sa šumama bukve i jele panonskoga gorja pokazuje znatne ekološke i florne razlike i opravdava njihovo razdvajanje na razini dvije samostalne asocijacije. Fizionomija, neutjecanost, florni sastav i prisutnost zaštićenih biljnih vrsta u šumama bukve i jele Nacionalnog parka Risnjak ukazuje na njihovu raznoliku i stabilnu vegetacijsku strukturu i iznimnu prirodoznanstvenu vrijednost.This paper deals with the phytocenological characteristics of beech and fir forest (Omphalodo-Fagetum (Tregubov 1957) Marinček et al. 1993) in National park Risnjak. The research, analysis and presentation of the researched stands were carried out according to the principles of the Zürich-Monpellier phytocenological school (Braun-Blanquet 1964). On ten phytocenological plots we recorded 108 plant species, which are characteristic for Dinaric beech-fir forests. Among them, the species of illyric floral geoelements which are important for nomenclature and syntaxonomic classification of these stands should be marked off. These are: Aposeris foetida, Aremonia agrimonoides, Calamintha grandiflora, Cardamine enneaphyllos, Cardamine kitaibelii, Cardamine trifolia, Cyclamen purpurascens, Daphne laureola, Euphorbia carniolica, Geranium nodosum, Hacquetia epipactis, Helleborus niger, Homogyne sylvestris, Lamium orvala, Lathraea squamaria, Omphalodes verna, Rhamnus alpinus ssp. Fallax and Ruscus hypoglossum. Comparison of the forests researched in this work with the stands from the eastern and central parts of Croatian dinarides show that there are no significant differences between them and can be classified in the same association. On the other hand, comparison with beech and fir forests in Pannonian mountains shows significant ecological and floral differences and justifies their separation at the level of two independent associations. Physiognomy, non-influenceable character, floral composition as well as presence of the protected plant species in beech and fir forests in the National park Risnjak point to their diverse and stable vegetation structure and an extraordinary scientific value