Winter wheat production on agricultural holding TID Solara during three years

Abstract

Cilj diplomskog rada je bila analiza proizvodnje ozime pšenice na poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu TID Solara tijekom tri vegetacijske godine (2014./2015, 2015./2016. i 2016./2017.) s obzirom na vremenske prilike i provedenu agrotehniku. Vremenske prilike su bile specifične za svaku godinu. Količina oborina tijekom 2014./2015. godine nije značajnije odstupala od višegodišnjeg prosjeka uz povećanu prosječnu temperaturu zraka za 1,4 °C. Iako nije bilo drastičnih odstupanja u ovoj vegetaciji su ostvareni najniži prosječni prinosi pšenice od 7,63 t/ha. Sorta Kraljica je imala veći prinos i bolju kvalitetu u usporedbi sa sortom BcMira. Tijekom 2015./2016. godine vremenske prilike su bile gotovo jednake prethodnoj godini, ali uz značajna odstupanja tijekom mjeseci. Tako je prevelika količina oborina u listopadu odgodila sjetvu, a tijekom lipnja i srpnja i žetvu. Prosječno ostvareni prinosi su bili 8,26 t/ha uz relativno dobru kvalitetu zrna u pogledu sadržaja proteina (13,5 %) i hektolitarske mase (82,0 kg/hl). Sorta Sofru je imala nešto niži prinos i manji sadržaj proteina od sorte Falado. U 2016./2017. godini količina oborina je bila niža za 11% u usporedbi s višegodišnjim prosjekom dok je temperatura zraka bila na razini višegodišnjeg prosjeka. Takvi uvjeti su izuzetno pogodovali razvoju ozime pšenice jer su u ovoj godini postignuti najviši prinosi i kvaliteta zrna. Sorta Sofru je postigla prinos od 10,12 t/ha uz izuzetno visok sadržaj proteina (14,0 %) i hektolitarske mase (84,3 kg/hl) dok je sorta Falado postigla 10,05 t/ha i nešto slabiju kvalitetu. Visoki prinosi i kvaliteta tijekom analiziranog razdoblja su opravdali sva ulaganja kroz agrotehničke operacije te se proizvodnja kao takva pokazala ekonomski isplativa.The aim of this graduate thesis was to analyze the production of winter wheat in the agricultural holding of TID Solara during the three vegetation seasons (2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017) with respect to weather conditions and conducted crop management. The weather conditions were specific for each year. Rainfall in 2014/2015 season did not significantly deviate from the annual average with an increased average air temperature of 1.4°C. Although there were no drastic deviations in this vegetation, the lowest average yields of wheat of 7, 63 t/ha were achieved. The Kraljica variety had a higher grain yield and better quality compared to BcMira. During 2015/2016 weather conditions were almost the same as in the previous season, but with significant deviations over the months. High precipitation rate in the late October and also during June and July postponed sowing, as well as harvest. The average yield were 8, 26 t/ha with relatively adequate grain quality in terms of protein content (13.5%) and hectoliter weight (82.0 kg/hl). Sofru variety had a slightly lower yield and lower protein content than Falado's. In 2016/2017 rainfall was lower by 11% compared to the annual average, while the air temperature was on a multi-year basis. Such conditions were extremely favorable to the development of winter wheat because the highest yield and grain quality were achieved this year. Sofru varitey achieved a yield of 10.12 t/ha with very high protein content (14.0%) and hectoliter weight (84.3 kg/ hl) while Falado varieties reached 10.05 t/ha and slightly lower quality. High yields and quality throughout the analyzed period justified all investments through agronomic practice and production as such proved to be economically viable