GROWING SAGE (Salvia sp.)

Abstract

Kadulja pripada porodici Lamiaceae ili usnače, red Lamiales. To se zeljaste biljke i polugrmovi koji sadrže eterična ulja te imaju ljekovita svojstva. Osim najpoznatije ljekovite kadulje (S. officinalis L.), poznate su još i: Stepska kadulja (S. nemorosa L.), Livadna kadulja (S. pratensis L.), Pršljenasta kadulja (S. verticillata L.), Pitoma kadulja (S. ftuticosa L.), Španjolska kadulja (S. lavandulifolia L.), Muškatna kadulja (S. sclorea L.) i Bijela kadulja (S. apiana L.). Salvia officinalis ima izuzetno ljekovita svojstva. Od njenih dijelova se nakon sušenja i obrade prave čajevi koji pomažu pri liječenju bolesti dišnih organa, te se prave eterična ulja. Osim čajeva, pri liječenju se stavljaju i oblozi od listova koji pomažu kod oteklina i čireva. Sastojci kadulje ovise o staništu i vremenu branja. Glavni sastojak kadulje je tujon koji djeluje antiseptički, te cinol, katra, borneol, bornilacetat itd. Eterično ulje kadulje dobiva se destilacijom iz biljnog materijala. Tujon uz svoje ljekovito djelovanje, može izazvati i brojne tegobe s toga treba paziti pri doziranju i primjeni pripravaka. Metode uzgoja kadulje su konvencionalni uzgoj, biološki, bivlji (samonikli), te certificirani biološki uzgoj. Uzgaja se u plodoredu, a za dobar urod potrebna je pravilna ishrana. Sjetva se obavlja u rano proljeće, potrebno je usporedno primijeniti kemijsku i mehaničku njegu usjeva. Košnja se vrši vučenim samoutovarnim strojem u srpnju prve godine, a druge početkom listopada. Kadulja se lako zarazi štitastim moljcem te štitistom uši. Zahtjeva sunčamo mjesto, a uzgoj u zatvorenom prostoru ne uspjeva. Razmnožava se iz sjemena, te od vršnih reznica ili dijeljenjem.Sage belongs to the family Lamiaceae or mint family, order Lamiales. The y are semi-shrub and herbaceous plants that contain essential oils, therefore they have medical importance. Besides the most famous sage (S. officinalis L.),there are many other types of sage known as: Tawny sage (S. nemorosa L.), Meadow sage (Salvia pratensis L.), backbone sage (S. verticillata L.), Tame sage ( S. ftuticosa L.), Spain sage (S. Citrus L.), Clary sage (S. sclorea L.) and White sage (S. Apian L.). Salvia officinalis has extremely healing effect. When the leaves of the plant are dried and processed they can be used for preparation of essential oils or for making tea which helps in treating respiratory infections. The sage also shows its curative effect in the treatment of the swelling and ulcers. Ingredients of the sage depend on habitat and harvesting time of the plant. The main ingredient of the sage is thujone which has antiseptic effect.There are also other ingridients in the plant like Cinol, catarrh, borneol and bornilacetat . The essential oil of sage is obtained by distillation from plant material. With its beneficial effects, thujone can cause a number of health problems so it is recomended to be careful in dosage and application of medicines made from sage. Methods of growing of the sage are conventional breeding, biological and former (wild) breeding, and certified organic cultivation. It is grown in rotation, and the proper nutrition is essential for good cops. Sowing is done in early spring, and it is necessary to simultaneously apply a chemical and mechanical treatment of crops. Mowing is done by a self-loading machine in July of the first year, and in early October next year. Sage is easily infected with whiteflies and aphids. Sage requires sun spots for its growth, and growing of the plant indoors is not recommended. The sage propagates by seeds, top cuttings or by division