Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Faculty of Medicine.
Abstract
CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je utvrditi prevalenciju i vrste demencija u Domu Sveti Polikarp kroz desetogodišnje razdoblje, prikazati dijagnostiku, farmakološko liječenje, komorbiditet, zdravstvene probleme te učestalost psihijatrijskih pregleda i hospitalizacija. USTROJ STUDIJE: Provedeno je presječeno istraživanje. ISPITANICI I METODE: Ispitanike su činili 178 korisnika oboljelih od demencije zaprimljenih u Dom Sveti Polikarp od 15.09.2007. - 15.09.2017. REZULTATI: Medijan dobi ispitanika iznosio je 88 godina, više je bilo žena te ispitanika sa završenom osnovnom školom. Najčešće je bila demencija u Alzheimerovoj bolesti. U 97,2 % ispitanika dijagnostički postupci rađeni su prije postavljanja dijagnoze, a u 2,8 % ispitanika nakon. U svih ispitanika je učinjena anamneza, fizikalni pregled, psihijatrijski pregled, a CT, Rtg i MR mozga rađeni tek u 29,2 % ispitanika. Kod ispitanika je napravljeno 1038 kontrolnih psihijatrijskih pregleda i 159 hospitalizacija na psihijatriji. U liječenju najčešće su korišteni promazin, diazepam, zolpidem, risperidon, a memantin tek kod 5 korisnika. Najčešće pridružene bolesti su bile bolesti cirkulacijskog i živčanog sustava, novotvorine i ozljede. Svi oboljeli od demencije imali su poremećaj pamćenja te probleme pri obavljanju svakodnevnih poslova, nešto manje ih je bilo dezorijentirano u vremenu i prostoru te imalo sindrom 4N. ZAKLJUČAK: Broj oboljelih od demencija je u porastu. Antidementivi bi se trebali nalaziti na osnovnoj listi HZZO-a i biti dostupni svima oboljelima od demencija, bez obzira na uzrok demencije. Zdravstvena njega u kući trebala bi omogućavati vremenski dulju skrb za oboljele od demencija kako bi se izbjegle sada neminovne institucionalizacije.AIMS: The aim of this final thesis was to determine the prevalence and types of dementia registered at the nursing home Sveti Polikarp over a ten year period, to analyse the diagnostics, their pharmacological treatment, comorbidity, health problems, the frequency of psychiatric examinations and need for hospitalization. TYPE OF STUDY: A cross-sectional research was carried out. METHODS ISSUED: The group of respondents consisted of 178 patients with dementia received at Sveti Polikarp in the period from 15.09.2007 to 15.09.2017. RESULTS: The median age of respondents was 88 years; among them, there were more women and subjects with elementary school education. Dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease was most commonly reported. In 97.2 % of respondents, diagnostic procedures were performed prior to diagnosis and in 2.8 % of respondents after it. All subjects underwent medical history analysis, physical examination, and psychiatric examination, whereas a CT scan, X-ray and MRI were only made in 29.2 % of patients. 1038 psychiatric examinations and 159 psychiatric hospitalizations were conducted in the group of respondents. Medicines such as promatsin, diazepam, zolpidem, risperidone were most frequently used in the treatment; memantine was prescribed to 5 patients only. The most commonly associated diseases were problems in the circulatory and nervous system, neoplasms and injuries. All people with dementia had a disorder of memory and problems in performing daily tasks; few reported disorientation in time and space and presented such syndromes as immobility, absenteeism, instability and uncontrollable urination (called the 4N syndrome in Croatian). CONCLUSION: The number of people with dementia is on the rise. Antidensis should be listed among the basic medicines made available by HZZO (the Croatian Health Care Institute) and be thus made available to all people with dementia, regardless of the cause of dementia. Health care at home should provide long-term care for people with dementia in order to avoid inevitable institutionalization
