Dormancy and germination of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)

Abstract

Cilj istraţivanja bio je utvrditi uĉinkovitost razliĉitih temperatura i metoda prekida dormantnosti sjemena crne pomoćnice (Solanum nigrum L. emend. Miller) odnosno njihov utjecaj na klijavost i rast klijanaca. Uz kontrolni tretman primijenjeno je sedam tretmana za prekidanje dormantnosti: potapanje sjemena u destiliranu vodu, zagrijavanje u vodi na 60 °C, potapanje sjemena u 2%, 1% i 0,2% otopinu kalijevog nitrata (KNO3) te tretiranje koncentriranom sumpornom kiselinom (H2SO4) u trajanju od 60 odnosno 15 sekundi. Sjeme je naklijavano na dva temperaturna reţima, na konstantnoj (22 °C) i izmjeniĉnoj (20/30 °C) temperaturi. Temperatura je pokazala statistiĉki znaĉajan utjecaj samo na klijavost sjemena, dok njezin utjecaj na duljinu korijena i izdanka kao i na svjeţu i suhu masu nije statistiĉki dokazan. Najveća klijavost zabiljeţena je na izmjeniĉnoj temperaturi pri tretmanu sa sumpornom kiselinom u trajanju od 15 sekundi, iznosila je 62%, a najmanja na istoj temperaturi u tretmanu sa H2O – 60 °C (0,7%). Ukupno gledajući najveći uĉinak na rast klijanaca (njihovu duţinu i teţinu) imao je tretman sa potapanjem sjemena u 2% otopinu kalijevog nitrata.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of different temperatures and methods of breaking seed dormancy of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L. emend. Miller) and their influence on germination and seedling growth. Along with the control, seven dormancy breaking treatments were applied: soaking seeds in distilled water, soaking seeds in hot water (60 °C), immersion of seeds in 2%, 1% and 0.2% solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 60 respectively 15 seconds. The seeds were germinated at two temperature regimes, at a constant (22 °C) and alternating (20/30 °C) temperature. Temperature showed a statistically significant effect only on seed germination, while its impact on the length of root and shoot as well as the fresh and dry weight was not statistically proven. The highest germination was observed under alternating temperature in the treatment with sulfuric acid for 15 seconds where germination amounted up to 62%, while the lowest germination was recorded in the treatment with H2O - 60 °C (0.7%) also under alternating temperature regime. Overall, the greatest effect on seedling growth (the length and weight) was in treatment where seeds were immersed in 2% solution of potassium nitrate