FOREIGN TRADE EXCHANGE OF BEANS

Abstract

U ovom diplomskom radu opisana je svjetska proizvodnja graha, proizvodnja graha u Republici Hrvatskoj te vanjskotrgovinska razmjena graha s pripadajućim cijenama i carinama. Utvrdili smo kako Hrvatska u zadnjih 10 godina bilježi veliki deficit u vanjskotrgovinskoj razmjeni poljoprivredno – prehrambenih proizvoda u iznosu od 7.786.000 američkih dolara te sukladno tome bilježi i deficit u vanjskoj razmjeni suhog graha u iznosu od 48.792.000 američkih dolara. Broj zasaenih površina se šesterostruko smanjio, sa 6.519 hektara 2002.godine na 1.097 hektara 2013. godine te paralelno s time su se smanjile i proizvedene količine sa 19.327 tona 2002. godine na 1.480 tona 2013. godine zbog čega je i došlo do povećanja deficita vanjskotrgovinske razmjene suhog graha tijekom deset godina. Utvrdili smo kako proizvodnja najvećih svjetskih proizvoača graha, poput Indije ili Brazila čija se proizvodnja povečala tijekom deset godina za oko 15 %, utjece na domaće tržište graha koje zbog svoje cjenovne nekonkurentnosti sve više propada i oslanja se na uvoz. Također je prikazana kalkulacija proizvodnje graha mahunara i graha zrnaša na temelju koje možemo donijeti zaključke o isplativosti proizvodnje za oko 10 – 15 tisuća kuna po hektaru. Osvrnuli smo se i na probleme plasmana graha na tržište koje se u Republici Hrvatskoj uglavnom odvija preko preprodavača te opisujemo stanje u kojemu se zbog svih navedenih čimbenika nalaze hrvatski proizvoači graha.This thesis describes the global bean production and the bean production in the Republic of Croatia as well as the foreign trade of beans and its prices and customs. We have established that over the past decade Croatia has been running a great deficit of 7.786.000 US dollars inforeign trade of agri-food products with an according deficit of 48.792.000 US dollars in the foreign trade of dry beans sector. The number of planted areas has been reduced six-fold, from 6.519 hectares in 2002. to 1.097 hectares in 2013. At the same time, the produced amounts have been reduced from 19.327 hectares in 2002. to 1.480 hectares in 2013 which had a consequence of increased deficit throughout the decade in the foreign trade of dry beans. We have established that the production of the world's largest bean producers such as India or Brazil, which has increased over the past decade for approximately 15%, has had an impact on the local bean market which is collapsing and relying heavily on import sector due to its lack of competitive price. The calculation of production of green beans and dry beans is also being presented with its relevant conclusions on profitability of production for the amount of 10-15 thousand kunas per hectare. This thesis also looks upon the problems of bean placement on the market which in the Republic of Croatia usually includes bean resellers and the impact of all of these factors on Croatian bean producers