Use of forensic methods in the analysis of the paint in artwork

Abstract

Cilj je ovoga diplomskoga rada navesti i objasniti forenzičke metode za analizu boja umjetničkih djela uz opis i komentar nekih primjera. U slikarstvu boja je najvažniji element slike. Nastaje fizikalnim miješanjem vezivnih materijala i pigmenata s raznim dodatcima koja imaju svojstva bojanja površine na koju su nanesena. Forenzičkim metodama i njihovom kombinacijom moguće je riješiti pitanje autentičnosti umjetničkih slika, odrediti starost i podrijetlo slika, ublažiti posljedice propadanja umjetničkih djela, stilski i vremenski utvrditi stanja slika, analizirati površinu slika, otkriti podcrteže, podslojeve boja, otkriti krivotvorine i ostalo. Metode koje daju rješenja ovih problema su: rentgenska fluorescentna spektroskopija (XRF), optička mikroskopija, pretražna (skenirajuća) elektronska mikroskopija s energetski disperzivnom rentgenskom spektroskopijom (SEM-EDS), mikrokemijska analiza, tankoslojna kromatografija, infracrvena spektroskopija, infracrvena spektroskopija s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR spektroskopija), infracrvena reflektografija, Raman spektroskopija, refleksijska spektroskopija pomoću optičkih vlakana (FORS), ultraljubičasta fluorescencija (UVF), ultraljubičasta reflektografija i druge. U Metodičkom dijelu rada obrađena je nastavna jedinica ''Neke metode razdvajanja smjesa – KROMATOGRAFIJA'' u obliku blok sata s ciljem upoznavanja metode za izdvajanje čistih tvari iz homogenih tekućih ili plinovitih smjesa tj. kromatografijom.The aim of this graduate thesis is to state and explain the forensic methods for the analysis of the colors in the art works by describing and commenting on some examples. In painting, color is the most important element of the image. It is produces by physical mixing of binders and pigments with various additives that have the coloring properties of the surface to which they are applied. By means of forensic methods and their combination, it is possible to solve the question of authenticity of artwork, to determine the age and origin of images, to mitigate the consequences of decay of works of art, to determine the state of image, to analyze the surface of images, to reveal substructures, other layers of colors, to reveal false art etc. Methods that address these problems include: X – ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro – chemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation (FTIR spectroscopy), infrared reflection, Raman spectroscopy, optical fiber reflection spectroscopy (FORS), ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF), ultraviolet reflection and others. In the methodological part of the paper, the teaching unit ''Some methods of separating the mixture – CHROMATOGRAPHY'' was elaborated in the form of a block hour with the aim of introducing a method for separating clean substances from homogeneuos liquid or gaseous mixtures, i.e. chromatography