FACTORS OF SEGREGATION OF WOMEN AT THE LABOUR MARKET

Abstract

U ovom radu bit će predstavljeni čimbenici koji doprinose i ujedno održavaju segregaciju i diskriminaciju žena na tržištu rada. Iako su žene formalno i pravno ravnopravne s muškarcima i u današnje doba masovno izlaze na tržište rada, još uvijek postoji distinkcija na tržištu na ženska i muška zanimanja (horizontalna segregacija), rodni jaz u plaćama i barijere koje onemogućavaju ženama da napreduju na visoke pozicije i položaje (vertikalna segregacija). Zbog fenomena staklenog stropa, žene tako vrlo teško i sporo dolaze do najviših pozicija te se moraju puno više dokazivati za razliku od muškaraca. Rodni stereotipi, patrijarhalne vrijednosti, uvjerenja, stavovi, socijalizacija i predrasude objašnjavaju ovu pojavu. Poslodavci su također zbog gore navedenih faktora suzdržani prema zapošljavanju žena i preferiraju zapošljavanje muškaraca zbog uvjerenja da će žene češće izostajati s posla zbog obaveza u obitelji. Brojne teorije obrazlažu segregaciju i diskriminaciju žena na tržištu rada. Ženski ciklički tip karijere i ženina primarna odgovornost za obitelj i djecu vrlo su važan čimbenik koji onemogućuje ženama napredovanje na poslu, u nekim slučajevima čak i ponovni ulazak na tržište rada.The paper that contribute to and maintain segregation and discrimination of women at the labour market. Although women are formally and legally equal to men and are increasingly entering the labour market in todays societies, there is still a distinction between male and female occupations (horizontal segregation), the gender pay gap and barriers that impede women’s promotion at higher positions (vertical segregation). Due to the glass ceiling phenomenon, women are very slowly and difficulty promoted at the highest positions at the labour market, and have to prove themselves more than men. Gender stereotypes, patriarchal values, beliefs, attitudes, socialization and prejudice explain this phenomenon. Due to the mentioned reasons, employers are also reluctant towards employment of women and prefer hiring men because of beliefs that is more likely that women are going to be absent from work due to family obligations. A number of theories explain segregation and discrimination against women at the labour market. Female cyclic type of career and her primary responsibility for family and children are a very important factor that prevents women promotion at work, sometimes even their re-entrance at the labour market