Biltoft-Jensen, Anja Pia

Gille, Maj-Britt

Matthiessen, Jeppe

Raustorp, Anders

Rothausen, Berit Worm

Purpose To estimate mean values of steps/day in a representative sample of Danish adults (15-75 years) using two different conversion methods for non-ambulatory (non-step) activities. Methods A simple random sample comprising 229 adults (52% men) from the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity 2007-08, wore a pedometer (Yamax SW-200 Tokyo, Japan) and recorded daily steps and non-ambulatory activities for seven consecutive days. Time spent on non-ambulatory activities was converted to step equivalents using 1) a simple conversion method (SCM) adding 200 step equivalents/min, and 2) a more complex conversion method (CCM) adding activity-specific step equivalents/min (assuming that 3 METS equals 100 steps/min). Very similar conversion methods have been suggested by Miller et al. 20061. Moreover, data from a Danish pilot study (n=28) were used to adjust for double-counting during cycling. When adding steps for time spent cycling, the mean number of steps recorded during cycling, found in the pilot study, was subtracted from the additional steps. The addition of &gt;10000 step equivalents/day was truncated to 10000 step equivalents/day to avoid overestimation. Results 53% (45% of men, 62% of women) engaged in non-ambulatory activities during the registration period. The most frequently reported non-ambulatory activity was cycling, especially as transportation, which was reported by 39% (men: 31%, women: 48%) with a mean of 125 min/week (men: 107, women: 138 min/week). Our pilot study showed a mean recording of 40 steps/min during cycling. For each conversion method truncation was carried out for 4-5% of all days. At group level the conversion methods added 1482-1494 step equivalents/day corresponding to a 17% increase. For men 1126–1138 step equivalents/day were added (13-14% increase) vs. 1875–1886 step equivalents/day for women (22% increase), thus significantly higher for women compared to men, p=0.03) Conclusion In populations like the Danish, where cycling and other non-ambulatory activities are popular, it will be relevant to account for these activities when assessing pedometer-determined physical activity. Adding activity-specific step equivalents/min, or simply adding 200 step equivalents/min, provides very similar results. Furthermore, when accounting for cycling an adjustment for double-counting should be considered

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 19, 2017Assessment of pedometer-determined physical activity in Danish adults: theimportance of non-ambulatory activitiesRothausen, Berit Worm; Gille, Maj-Britt; Biltoft-Jensen, Anja Pia; Raustorp, Anders; Matthiessen, JeppePublication date:2009Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Rothausen, B. W., Gille, M-B., Biltoft-Jensen, A. P., Raustorp, A., & Matthiessen, J. (2009). Assessment ofpedometer-determined physical activity in Danish adults: the importance of non-ambulatory activities. Postersession presented at Annual Conference of the International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and PhysicalActivity, Lisbon, Portugal, .PurposeTo estimate mean values in steps/day for a representative sample of Danish adults (15-75 years) using two different conversion methods for non-ambulatory (non-step) activities.MethodsA simple random sample comprising 229 adults (52% men) from the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity2007-08 wore a pedometer (Yamax SW-200 Tokyo, Japan) and recorded daily steps and non-ambulatory activities for seven consecutive days. Time spent on non-ambulatory activities was converted to step equivalents using 1) a simple conversion method (SCM) adding 200 step equivalents/min, and 2) a more complex conversion method (CCM) adding activity-specific step equivalents/min (assuming that 3 METs equals 100 steps/min) (Table 1). Very similar conversion methods have been suggested by Miller et al. 20061. Moreover, data from a Danish pilot study (n=28) were used to adjust for double-counting during cycling. When adding steps for time spent cycling, the mean number of steps recorded during cycling found in the pilot study was subtracted from the additional steps. The addition of >10000 step equivalents/day was truncated to 10000 step equivalents/day to avoid overestimation.Table 1. The selected non-ambulatory activities, their prevalence in the sample, and the steps/min rate derived from the CCM conversion method (associated MET levels were identified in the Compendium of Physical Activities2)Assessment of pedometer-determined physical activity in Danish adults: the importance of non-ambulatory activitiesResults53% (45% of men, 62% of women) engaged in non-ambulatory activities during the registration period. The most frequently reported non-ambulatory activity was cycling, especially as transportation, which was reported by 39% (men: 31%, women: 48%) with a mean of 125 min/week (men: 107, women: 138 min/week). Our pilot study showed a mean recording of 40 steps/min during cycling. Calculated steps/day after adjusting for double-counting during cycling are shown in Figure 1 for each of the conversion methods. Figure 1. Mean steps/day, raw and calculated using the SCM conversion method, adding 200 step equivalents/min, and the CCM conversion method, adding activity-specific step equivalents/min. * p<0.05, difference between men and women in mean steps/day Truncation was carried out for 4-5% of all days for each conversion method. At group level the conversion methods added 1482-1494 step equivalents/day corresponding to a 17% increase. For men 1126–1138 step equivalents/day were added (13-14% increase) vs. 1875–1886 step equivalents/day for women (22% increase), thus significantly higher for women compared to men, p=0.03)ConclusionIn populations like the Danish, where cycling and other non-ambulatory activities are popular, it will be relevant to account for these activities when assessing pedometer-determined physical activity. Adding activity-specific step equivalents/min, or simply adding 200 step equivalents/min, provides very similar results. Furthermore, when accounting for cycling an adjustment for double-counting should be considered.Rothausen BW1, Gille M-B1, Biltoft-Jensen A1, Raustorp A2, Matthiessen J11Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, email: bewro@food.dtu.dk2Department of  Health and Behavioral Science, University of Kalmar, Sweden 1 Miller R, Brown W J, Tudor-Locke C. But what about swimming and cycling? How to count non-ambulatory activity when using pedometers to assess physical activity. JPAH 2006;3:257-266. 2 Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O'Brien WL, Bassett DR Jr, Schmitz KH, Emplaincourt PO, Jacobs DR Jr, Leon AS. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:S498-504.* Activity  Participants (n=122)  Days  METs  Steps/min Cycling, 16-19 km/h 98 306 6 200 Cycling, 16-19 km/h (adjusted for double-counting)    160 Cycling, 19-22 km/h 4 9 8 267 Cycling, 19-22 km/h (adjusted for double-counting)    227 Cycling stationary, vigorous 3 5 10.5 350 Cycling stationary, vigorous (adjusted for double-counting)    310 Weightlifting  18 38 6 200 Swimming laps 1 2 7 233 Swimming, leisurely 4 6 6 200 Swimming / water aerobics 4 4 4 133 Horseback riding* 4 4 4 133 * Participants were instructed not to wear the pedometer during horseback riding 020004000600080001000012000Mean raw Mean SCM Mean CCMMean steps/dayM en (n=120)Women (n=109)* *

Assessment of pedometer-determined physical activity in Danish adults: the importance of non-ambulatory activities

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Assessment of pedometer-determined physical activity in Danish adults: the importance of non-ambulatory activities

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