Hansen, J.C.

Hummelshøj, P.

Jensen, Peter Hjuler

Landberg, L.

Lundtang Petersen, Erik

Mortensen, N.G.

Online Research Database In Technology

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 19, 2017Wind power R and D routes - Danish and European perspectivesHansen, Jens Carsten; Lundtang Petersen, Erik; Hummelshøj, Poul; Landberg, Lars; Mortensen, NielsGylling; Jensen, Peter HjulerPublished in:Proceedings (CD-ROM)Publication date:2006Document VersionPeer reviewed versionLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Hansen, J. C., Lundtang Petersen, E., Hummelshøj, P., Landberg, L., Mortensen, N. G., & Jensen, P. H. (2006).Wind power R and D routes - Danish and European perspectives. In Proceedings (CD-ROM) Beijing: GWREF.Wind Power R&D RoutesDanish and European PerspectivesJ.C. Hansen, E.L. Petersen, P. Hummelshoej, L. Landberg, N.G. Mortensen and P.H. JensenRisø National LaboratoryWind Energy DepartmentDenmarkGreat Wall World Renewable Energy Forum and ExhibitionBeijing, 25 October 2006Risø National LaboratoryA national laboratory under the Ministry for Science, Technology and InnovationRisø total:700 employees 350 scientistsWind Energy Dept.:115 employeesSystems AnalysisFuel cellsHydrogen storagePV polymer cellsBio EnergyMaterialsWind power development in DenmarkDenmark has >20% electric power supply from windJanuary 2005 – 1076 GWH ~ 32% of total demand (41 % in western Denmark) Offshore impact2005 = 423 MW = 4,6%2009 = 823 MW = 9,4%Vision: 50% of power supply by 2025 Onshore market: 100 MW per annumOffshore market: 140 MW per annum (1 wind farm per 2 years)Danish Research Consortium for Wind EnergyStrategic Partnership for R&D, education and research-based servicesCoordinator: - Risø National Laboratory - Wind Energy DepartmentPartners: - Technical University of Denmark (DTU)- Ålborg University (AAU)- DHI Water and EnvironmentDet Norske VeritasEnergi & MiljødataHerning TeknikumTripodDansk Meteorologisk InstitutDansk Maritimt InstitutRambøllElsamprojektAndreRisøDTUDHIAaUStandardisationDenmark, CENELEC and IEC TC88 IEC(/ISO)CENELEC  (/CEN)DSGlobalEuropeDenmarkTC88TC88S-588Parallel votingEU-harmon.DKNetherlands¾ECN Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands• DUWIND Delft University Wind Energy Research InstituteDenmark¾RISØ National Laboratory• Aalborg University• DHI Water & Environment• Technical University of DenmarkGreece¾CRES Centre for Renewable Energy Sources• Technical University of Athens• University of PatrasSpain¾CENER Centro Nacional de Energias RenovablesGermany¾ISET Institut für SolareEnergieversorgungstechnik• University of Kassel• University of Hanover• University of Oldenburg• University of Magdeburg• University of StuttgartUnited Kingdom¾Strathclyde University• Durham University• Manchester University• CCLRC• University of Surrey • Queen Mary College, University of London• Manchester Metropolitan University• Loughborough UniversityEuropean Academy of Wind EnergyThe Network¾ Nodal point• National partnerENLDUKGRResearch and Development Routes• Concepts and components• Rotor aero-elastics and structural dynamics• Grid integration and control• Resource assessment, wake interference and design winds• Tests and measurementsConcepts and componentsPhotos: ELSAM A/SOffshore is the technology driverHorns Rev 160 MWExample: Foundation conceptsWater depth (m) Concepts for wind turbine structure 0-10 Gravity based type 0-30 Mono pile type > 20 Tripod / jacket type > 50 Floating type  State-of-the-art design and trendsIssue State of the art Future trends Size D = 120 m H = 100 m P = 5 MW D = 160 m H = 120 – 140 m P = 10 MW O&M cost over lifetime Costs correspond to up to approximately 50% of initial investment Halving Water depth 5 - 20 m 50 meter 200 m (floating structures) Foundation types Gravity, mono-piles Gravity, mono piles, suction bucket, tripods, floating platforms Rotor Tip speed 60 – 80 m/s 80 – 120 m/s Acoustic noise Limited by tip speed Limited by active control Structural design Passive Actively controlled for lower loads Materials Chosen for strength Function, economy and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)  Control system Separate WTG, Park Combined, wind power plant Production forecast Market requirement is 12 – 36 hours Market requirement is 12 – 36 hours Production strategy Maximum energy Maximum revenue Price of wind electricity Various support schemes and compensation for CO2 Market price Grid National grid International, island operation, storage Transmission AC HVDC Rotor aero-elastics and structural dynamicsAerodynamics for wind turbinesFlow over complex terrainRotor aerodynamicsRotor/Tower interactionWake aerodynamicsAirfoil FlowsLaminar/turbulent transitionHysteresis phenomena, dynamic stallDamping and stabilityAeroelasticityAeroelastic tools• HAWC• HAWCStab• HAWCModal• HAWCDampCambell diagramDeflected turbine during operationDirection of vibrationCFD modelling of wind turbinese.g. Deep stall aerodynamicsRANSDESVorticity iso-surface around the 809 airfoilQUICK CDS-4Detailed design analysisTip-designRotor/tower interactionGrid integration and controlGrid Connections at Nysted wind farm - 165.6 MWWind farm controls as wind power plantsDFIG controlPower control loop Speed control loopWind turbine  controlMeasurement grid point  θACDC ACDCIgenωNrefgridPrefgridQmeasgridPmeasgridPmeasgridQrefgridPDFIG controlMeasurement grid point  θACDC ACDCIgenωNrefgridPrefgridQmeasgridPmeasgridPmeasgridQrefgridPWind farm controlNr. 1Nr. 200Power control loop Speed control loopWind turbine  controlStatus signalsVoltage and frequencyin PCCWind predictionMarket pricesStatus  signalsActive power referenceReactive power referenceActive power referenceReactive power referenceBalance control• Balance control provides • Balance control already implemented in Horns RevPowerFrequencyPavailfs÷ fs+fd÷ fd+• Reserve can be utilised in  frequency control (droop and deadband)Pbal00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.910 100 200 300 400 500 600Time [s]Power [pu.]PavailPbalPref,wfSimulation of Energy SystemsIntegration of large penetration of REModelling of complete energy systems- Large RE-input, generators, loads, storage, thermal and other bindings - Flexible configuration, spatial distribution - Bottlenecks in transmission- Power quality and stability- Control systems, distributed intelligence, communicationDiesel EngineSynchronous GeneratorLoadVoltageRegulatorGovernorWind TurbineControllerWind SpeedDiesel GensetControllerInductionGeneratorGear BoxWind Turbine RotorSupervisoryControllerDumpLoadControllerDump Load Wind TurbineControllerWind SpeedInductionGeneratorGear BoxWind Turbine RotorDiesel EngineSynchronous GeneratorVoltageRegulatorGovernorDiesel GensetControllerDiesel EngineSynchronous GeneratorVoltageRegulatorGovernorDiesel GensetControllerBus 1Bus 3Bus 2IPSYSResource assessment, wake interference and design windsResources: Wind AtlasesLinks• www.wasp.dk• www.waspengineering.dk• www.windatlas.dk• www.mesoscale.dk• www.prediktor.dk• www.risoe.dk• www.risoe.dk/vea• www.risoe.dk/vea-dataWAsP wind resources, production estimation and sitingThe industry-standard Wind Atlas Analysis and Application ProgramMore than 1700 users in over 100 countries use WAsP for:o Wind data analysiso Map digitisation & editingo Wind atlas generationo Wind climate estimationo Power production of WTG’so Micro-siting of wind turbineso Wind farm productiono Wind farm efficiencyo Wind resource mappingWind Atlas for Egypt New wind resource maps• Predicted wind climate• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]• 7 speed classes• KAMM modelling• Resolution 7.5 km• NCEP/NCAR data• SRTM30 elevation• GLCC land cover• Terrain features may give higher wind speeds locally!• Output formats:- map graphics- statistics. …Flow in large-scale wind farmsPrevailingwindsWAsP Engineering Modelling of design wind conditionsTropical CyclonesTyphoon tracksParts of tracks with Vmax > 50 knots shown20041977-2004ChinaTropical CyclonesNW Pacific extreme wind atlasChinaTests and measurementsTest Station for Large Wind Turbines at HøvsøreCoastal, flat terrain5 test positionsMax. 10 MWMax. height 165 mTest Station for Large Wind Turbines at HøvsøreRemote Sensing Technologies – SODAR & LIDARSODAR = SOund Detection And RangingLIDAR = LIght Detection And RangingMeasurements, sensor technology, data collectionUPWIND the largest EU wind energy research project• Main objective: cost optimisation of the future types of large wind turbines (10-20MW)• 39 partners (coordinated by Risø), 23 mio Euro (EU support: 14.3 mio Euro), 5 years• Integration of research with industry design and standards, metrology, fiberblades, transmission/conversion, smart rotor blades and upscaling as wellas aiming at, • Research topics- Aerodynamics & aeroelastics- Rotor structure and materials- Foundations and support structure- control systems- remote sensing- flow- electrical gridDenmark is Wind Power Hub123 membershome of half of the wind turbine industry for decades, including a large number of sub-suppliers, contractors and consultants

Wind power R and D routes - Danish and European perspectives

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Wind power R and D routes - Danish and European perspectives

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