Osnovni cilj istraživanja je konstrukcija višedimenzionalnog mjernog
instrumenta za ispitivanje psiholoških obilježja mladih igrača odbojke.
Uzorak ispitanika je sačinjavalo 295 igrača odbojke oba spola, kadetske i
juniorske dobne skupine. U provedenom pilot ispitivanju sudjelovalo je 147 ispitanika i
ispitanica, na temelju čijih su odgovora selektirane čestice novokonstruiranog upitnika
za procjenu psiholoških obilježja.
S ciljem utvrñivanja valjanosti novokonstruiranog upitnika psiholoških obilježja
primijenjeni su i već postojeći upitnici za procjenu psiholoških obilježja: ACSI–28,
PSIS-Y, CSAI-2 i SMS.
Individualna uspješnost pojedinog ispitanika procijenjena je na temelju procjene
trenera o općoj igračkoj važnosti ispitanika unutar ekipe, te ekipnog uspjeha pojedine
ekipe na prvenstvu Hrvatske.
Analizom metrijskih karakteristika ljestvica novokonstruiranog upitnika
utvrñeno je da konstruirane ljestvice imaju dobre mjerne karakteristike homogenosti,
pouzdanosti i osjetljivosti, a u cilju utvrñivanja njihove valjanosti provedene su daljnje
obrade podataka.
Validacijom postojećih mjera upitnika ACSI-28, PSIS-Y, CSAI-2 i SMS
ljestvice za procjenu psiholoških obilježja utvrñeno je da sve ljestvice nakon provedene
selekcije čestica u pojedinim ljestvicama imaju dobru homogenost, a mjere
zakrivljenosti i zaobljenosti distribucija ukazuju na dobru osjetljivost svih ljestvica.
Meñutim, pouzdanosti ljestvica variraju izmeñu neprihvatljivih 0,56 kod ljestvice
koncentracija upitnika ACSI do dobrih 0,87 za ljestvicu somatska anksioznost upitnika
CSAI-2. Ljestvice s koeficijentom pouzdanosti od 0,60 i više su uključene u daljnje
analize, a ljestvica koncentracije upitnika ACSI nije uvrštena u daljnje analize.
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Korelacijskom analizom utvrñene su većinom statistički značajne, niske do
umjereno visoke povezanosti mjera novokonstruiranog upitnika za procjenu psiholoških
obilježja. Postupkom faktorizacije utvrñene su četiri latentne dimenzije: natjecateljska
kompetencija, opća pobuñenost, motivacija postignuća, te kognitivna anksioznost i
slaba koncentracija.
Utvrñene su pozitivne povezanosti, uglavnom srednje do umjereno visoke,
ljestvica psiholoških obilježja novokonstruiranog upitnika s ljestvicama koje imaju isti
predmet mjerenja kod postojećih upitnika. Analizom glavnih komponenti je utvrñeno
kako se ljestvice psiholoških obilježja novokonstruiranog upitnika projiciraju na
zajedničku komponentu s ljestvicama validiranih upitnika koje imaju isti predmet
mjerenja. Ovi nalazi potvrñuju konvergentnu valjanost konstruiranih ljestvica.
Primjenom novokonstruiranog upitnika takoñer su utvrñene značajne razlike po
spolu, dobi, igračkim pozicijama (osim na subuzorku kadeta), te po indeksima
individualne igračke vrijednosti i ekipne igračke vrijednosti (osim na subuzorku
juniora).The main goal of the research is the construction of a multidimensional
measuring instrument for testing psychological characteristics of young volleyball
players.
The subject sample consisted of 295 volleyball players of both genders, from
youth and junior age group. 147 male and female subjects participated in the conducted
pilot testing, and based on their responses, the items of the newly constructed
questionnaire for assessing psychological characteristics were selected.
With the aim of determining the validity of the newly constructed questionnaire
of psychological characteristics, the existing questionnaires for assessing psychological
characteristics were also applied: ACSI–28, PSIS-Y, CSAI-2 and SMS.
Individual efficacy of each subject was assessed based on the coach's evaluation
about general player importance of subjects within their team, and on team efficacy of
each team in the Croatian championship.
After analyzing the metric characteristics of scales of the newly constructed
questionnaire, it has been established that the constructed scales have good metric
characteristics of homogeneity, reliability and sensitivity, while further dana analyses
have been conducted with the purpose of determining their validity.
By validating the existing measures of the ACSI-28, PSIS-Y, CSAI-2
questionnaires and the SMS scale for assessing psychological characteristics, it has been
established that all scales, after the selection of items was performed in certain scales,
have good homogeneity, and measures of distribution asymmetry and peakendess
indicate good sensitivity of all scales. However, reliabilities of the scales vary between
the unacceptable 0,56 in the concentration scale of the ACSI questionnaire and the good
0,87 for the somatic anxiety scale of the CSAI-2 questionnaire. Scales with the
reliability coefficient of 0,60 and higher were included in further analyses, whereas the
concentration scale of the ACSI questionnaire was not.
Correlation analysis revealed low to moderately high, mostly statistically
significant correlations between the measures of the newly constructed questionnaire
assessing psychological characteristics. Using the procedure of factorization, four latent
dimensions were found: competitive competence, general arousal, achievement
motivation, and cognitive anxiety and poor concentration.
Positive correlations, mostly moderate to moderately high, were found between
the scales of psychological characteristics of the newly constructed questionnaire and
the scales with the same subject of measurement in the existing questionnaires. By
principal components analysis, it has been established that the psychological
characteristics scales of the newly constructed questionnaire are projected on the
common component with the scales of the validated questionnaires with the same
subject of measurement. These findings confirm convergent validity of the constructed
scales.
By applying the newly constructed questionnaire, significant differences
according to gender, age, player positions (except in the subsample of youth players),
and indices of individual player efficacy and team efficacy (except in the subsample of
junior players).
Key words: psychological characteristics, metric characteristics, young volleyball
player
