OBILJEŽJA NASILNIH SMRTI U RAZDOBLJU 2004. - 2014.

Abstract

Ciljevi rada: Ciljevi ovog rada su bili utvrditi incidenciju i značajke svih nasilnih smrti koje su obrađene na Kliničkom odjelu za sudsku medicinu Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split u vremenskom razdoblju od 1. lipnja 2004. do 1. lipnja 2014. Također, željelo se usporediti dobivene rezultate sa rezultatima sličnih istraživanja na ostalim područjima Republike Hrvatske i u svijetu, te utvrditi sličnosti ili razlike. Ustroj istraživanja: Studija je provedena kao presječna studija podataka dobivenih iz pismohrane Kliničkog odjela za sudsku medicinu. Mjesto istraživanja: Istraživanje je provedeno na Kliničkom odjelu za sudsku medicinu Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Sudionici: U istraživanje je uključeno 1441 ispitanika stradalih u nasilnim smrtima na području Splitsko - dalmatinske županije u vremenskom razdoblju od 1. lipnja 2004. do 1. lipnja 2014. godine. Rezultati: U razdoblju od 1. lipnja 2004 do 1. lipnja 2014. godine najveći broj nasilnih smrti je zabilježen 2007. godine nakon čega slijedi trend smanjivanja. Većina žrtava od ukupnog broja 1441, su muškarci, njih 1114, što je statistički značajno više muškaraca (χ2_= 19.706; p=0.0001953). Najveći broj nasilnih smrti su bili nesretni slučajevi ( 869). Većina ispitanika su u dobi od 20 do 60 godina starosti, s tim da je kod žena u slučajevima samoubojstva primijećen porast iznad 70 godina. Većina ispitanika u oba spola nije bila pod utjecajem alkohola. Nije uočena statistički značajna razlika između muškaraca i žena obzirom na odnos broja trijeznih i alkoholiziranih osoba u trenutku smrti (χ2 = 1,035; p = 0,30898). Najviše smrti prema godišnjim dobima/kvartalima je zabilježen u III kvartalu, osim kod ubojstava gdje je broj smanjen u tom kvartalu. Najčešće mjesto izvršenja samoubojstava kod muškaraca su bliža i dalja okolina, kod žena bliža okolina i tekućina. Muškarci se uglavnom odlučuju na vješanje, skokove s visine, utapanje, strijelne rane; kod žena najčešće metode suicida su vješanje, utapanje i skokovi s visine. Većina nesretnih slučajeva je uzrokovana prometnim nesrećama pri čemu je većina žrtava bila u trijeznom stanju. Kod nesretnih slučajeva je zabilježen i nešto veći broj trovanja sredstvima ovisnosti i to uglavnom heroinskom smjesom i kombinacijom više sredstava. Zaključak: Najveći broj nasilnih smrti u promatranom razdoblju je 2007. godine nakon čega je zabilježen pad broja obrađenih nasilnih smrti. U ukupnom broju nasilnih smrti prednjače nesretni slučajevi i to prometne nesreće, kod kojih su najčešće žrtve muškarci mlađe i srednje životne dobi. Na drugom mjestu su samoubojstva kod kojih također prevladavaju muškarci iznad 30 godina, dok je kod žena zabilježen porast samoubojstava iznad 50 godina, a najčešća metoda izvršenja kod oba spola je vješanje. U Splitsko – dalmatinskoj županiji ubojstva su rijetka, a u onim koja su zabilježena najčešće žrtve su muškarci mlađe i srednje životne dobi. S obzirom na odnos broja trijeznih i alkoholiziranih osoba u trenutku smrti nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između spolova u svim vrstama nasilnih smrti. Što se tiče razdoblja smrti najčešće su zabilježene u III kvartalu kod svih vrsta nasilnih smrti, osim kod ubojstava gdje je u tom razdoblju zabilježen najmanji broj.Aims of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was to determine the incidence and characteristics of all violent deaths processed at Clinical Department of Forensic Medicine University Hospital Split, in the period from 1 June 2004 to 1 June 2014. Furthermore, the study aimed first at comparing the results obtained in this research with the results of similar research conducted in other parts of Croatia and in the world, and then at identifying their similarities and differences. Organization of research: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study of data obtained from the archives of Clinical Department of Forensic Medicine. Place of research: The research was conducted at Clinical Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Split. Participants: The research included 1441 participants who died violent deaths in Split-Dalmatia County in the period from 1 June 2004 to 1 June 2014. Results: considering the period from 1 June 2004 to 1 June 2014, the highest number of violent deaths was recorded in 2007, which was followed by a downward trend. The majority of the total number of victims (1441) were men, 1114 of them, which showed the presence of a statistically significant higher number of men (χ2_= 19.706; p=0.0001953). The highest number of violent deaths were accident cases (869). The majority of the participants were of the age group 20 – 60 years; however, in cases of suicide, an increase was noticed for women over the age of 70. The majority of both male and female participants were not under the influence of alcohol. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women given the ratio of the number of sober and intoxicated people at the time of death (χ2 = 1,035; p = 0,30898). Considering the seasons/quarters, the highest number of deaths was recorded in the third quarter, apart from murders, the number of which decreased in that quarter. The most common places of suicide execution among men were near and far environment, among women near environment and liquids. Men mostly chose hanging, jumping from a height, drowning and firearms; while the most common methods used by women were hanging, drowning and jumping from a height. Accident cases were mostly related to traffic, and when considering alcohol concentration, the majority of those victims were sober. Furthermore, in cases of accidents a somewhat higher number of poisoning with addictive substances was recorded, including mostly heroin mixture and a combination of more substances. Conclusion: The highest number of violent deaths in the observed period was recorded in 2007, after which followed a significant decline in the number of violent deaths. In the total number of violent deaths accidents are the main type of deaths, especially traffic accidents, in whitch the most frequent victims are young and middle-aged males. Sucides are on the second place in which also are predominantly male over 30 years whereas in females was recorded increase of sucide above 50 years. The most common method of execution in both genders is suspension. In Split – Dalmatia County the homicides are rare and those that have been recorded the most frequent victims are young and middle aged males. With regard to the number of sober and intoxicated persons in the moment of death there were not determined statistically significant difference between genders in all types of violent deaths. Regarded to the period of deaths, most of them are recorded in the third quarter in all types of violent deaths, except for homicide where in this period there has been registreted the lowest number