University of Split. Faculty of Chemistry and Technology. Division of Chemistry.
Abstract
Dalmatinski buhač (lat. Chryanthemum cinerariifolium, Vis., sinonim Tanacetum cinerariifolium) pripada porodici Asteraceae. Biljka raste u suhim i kamenitim područjima i strogo je zaštićena vrsta. Biljka uz farmakološko, antioksidacijsko i inhibicijsko djelovanje pokazuje i insekticidno svojstvo. Piretrini koji se nalaze u sjemenkama buhača djeluju toksično na živčani sustav insekata, riba i zmija, dok je toksičnost puno manja prema sisavcima i pticama. Acetilkolinesteraza je serinska esteraza koja razgrađuje neurotransmiter acetilkolin na acetat i kolin. Inhibicija tog enzima ima ključnu ulogu u ublažavanju simptoma Alzheimerove demencije. Alzheimerova demencija je teška neizlječiva bolest koja svojim napredovanjem vodi do gubitka pamćenja, nemogućnosti rasuđivanja i obavljanja svakodnevnih aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati kemijski sastav i antikolinesterazno djelovanje eteričnih ulja buhača izoliranih iz cvjetnih glavica biljke tijekom različitih vremena cvatnje, u prirodnim populacijama biljke na otoku Braču. Korištena je instrumentalna tehnika GC/MS kojom je utvrđen kemijski sastav i sadržaj prisutnih terpenskih i neterpenskih sastojaka, te Ellmanova metoda za ispitivanje inhibicije enzima acetilkolinesteraze. Najzastupljenije komponente ulja su neoksidirani seskviterpenski spojevi β-himahalen, β-gvajen, β-selinen, γ- himahalen i δ-selinen. Krizantemska kiselina, kiselina čiji esteri sudjeluju u tvorbi piretrina, je identificirana samo kao sastojak ulja izoliranog iz cvjetova biljke ubrane u najkasnijem vremenu cvatnje. Izolirana eterična ulja nemaju sposobnost inhibicije enzima acetilkolinesteraze.Dalmatian chrysanthemum belongs to the family of Asteraceae. The plant inhabits dry and rocky areas and it is a strictly protected species. The plant, other than having pharmacological, antioxidative and inhibitory activity also possesses insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins found in the seeds of the plant have a toxic effect on the nervous system of insects, fish and snakes, while the toxicity is far less effective with mammals and birds. Acetylcholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7.) is a serine esterase that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to acetate and choline. Inhibition of this enzyme plays a key role in alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimer's dementia is a severe incurable illness that, with its progress, leads to loss of memory, inability to think and conduct daily activities. The aim of this paper was to examine the chemical composition and the anticholinesterase activity of essesntial oils of the plant isolated from the head of the plant during different flowering times in the natural population of the plant on the island of Brac. GC/ MS instrumental technique was used to determine the chemical composition and the amount of terpene and non-terpene active substances present and for testing the inhibition of the enzyme AchE Ellman's method was used. The most common components of the oil are non-oxidized sesquiterpene compounds β-himachalene, β-guaiene, β-selenine, γ-himachalene and δ-selenine. Chrysanthemic acid, the acid whose esters participate in the formation of the pyrethins, is identified only as an ingredient of the oil isolated from the flowers of the plant harvested in the lastest flowering time. Isolated essential oils do not have the ability to inhibit the acetylcholinesteras
