PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN CLINCAL HOSPITAL CENTER SPLIT FROM 2013 TO 2015

Abstract

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti obilježlja kolorektalnih karcinoma i broj novodijagnosticiranih osoba u KBC-u Split u trogodišnjem razdoblju od 2013.do 2015. godine. Materijal i metode: Podaci o broju novooboljelih od kolorektalnog karcinoma dobiveni su iz arhive KBC-a Split, uključujući kolonoskopske nalaze, te pathohistološke nalaze uzoraka uzetih prilikom izvođenja tih kolonoskopija. Osim toga, korišteni su i rezultati Nacionalnog programa ranog otkrivanja raka debelog crijeva, odnosno endoskopski nalazi u slučaju pozitivnog testu na okultno krvarenje u stolici. Rezultati: Dobiveni rezultati su potvrdili podatke iz literature o visokoj učestalosti kolorektalnog karcinoma. U istraživanom razdoblju 2013. do 2015. godine dijagnosticirana su 272 pacijenta s kolorektalnim karcinomom; 187 muškaraca (68.75%) i 83 žene (30.52%). Najčešća lokalizacija je u rektumu i sigmoidnom dijelu debelog crijeva. Zbog poteškoća kao što su opstrukcija, prisutnost fekalnih masa, pretjerana izvijuganost crijeva, češće je urađena djelomična negoli totalna kolonoskopija. U slučaju postojanja opstrukcije, u većem broju slučajeva se radilo o djelomičnoj opstrukciji. Više od 90% KRK su adenokarcinomi podrijetlom iz epitelnih stanica kolorektalne sluznice. U endoskopskim nalazima karcinom je najčešće opisan kao proliferativna neoplastična tvorba, rjeđe kao tumor polipoidnog oblika, a najrjeđi je ulcero-proliferativni oblik karcinoma. Zaključci: Kolorektalni karcinom je na trećem mjestu po učestalosti i treći najčešći uzrok smrti od karcinoma i kod muškaraca i kod žena. Većina tih karcinoma i smrti uzorkovane istima se može prevenirati primjenom postojećih znanja o prevenciji karcinoma, češćim provođenjem testova probira i time da se osigura da svaki pacijent dobije najbolji tretman u što bržem vremenu. Testovi probira (tzv. screening testovi) imaju potencijal da preveniraju kolorektalni karcinom zato jer mogu detektirati prekarcenozne izrasline, tj.polipe, u kolonu i rektumu. Iako se većina polipa neće pretvoriti u karcinome, njihovim uklanjanjem može se prevenirati nastanak karcinoma. Osim toga, redovitim screening pregledima povećava se šansa da se karcinom otkrije u ranom stadiju, kad je mogućnost izlječenja veća, tretmani manje opširni i oporavak brži. Uz praćenje preporučenih screening smjernica, osobe mogu i dodatno reducirati rizik nastanka ili smrti od kolorektalnog karcinoma na način da održavaju zdravu tjelesnu težinu, redovito se bave tjelesnom aktivnošću, jedu zdravu hranu, ograniče unos alkohola i ne puše.Objectives: The aim of this research is to determine characteristic of colorectal cancer and number of new cases in Clinical Hospital Centre Split from 2013. to 2015. Material and Methods: Data on the number of new cases of colorectal cancer were obtained from hospital archive, including colonoscopy findings and pathohistological diagnosis of biopsy samples taken during a colonoscopy. Furthermore, data from National programme for early detection of colorectal cancer were also included in this research, precisely, we analysed findings from colonoscopy performed because of positive screening test. Results: The results confirmed literature data of high incidence of colorectal cancer. In period from 2013. to 2015, there were 272 new cases of colorectal cancer; 68.75% of those were men (187) and 30.52 were woman (83). The most common location were in rectum and sigmoid colon. Partial colonoscopy was performed more often than total colonoscopy because of difficulties like opstruction, presence of fecal content and convolution of colon. More of 90% of colorectal carcinomas are adenocarcinomas originating from epithelial cells of the colorectal mucosa. During colonoscopy, cancer was mostly described as proliferative neoplastic tumor, less often as a polypoid lesure and rarest as ulcerate lesions. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed can¬cer and the third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. The major¬ity of these cancers and deaths could be prevented by applying existing knowledge about cancer prevention, increasing the use of recommended screening tests, and ensuring that all patients receive timely, standard treatment. Screening has the potential to prevent colorectal cancer because it can detect precancerous growths, called polyps, in the colon and rectum. Although most polyps will not become cancerous, removing them can prevent cancer from occurring. Further¬more, regular screening increases the likelihood that colorectal cancers that do develop will be detected at an early stage, when they are more likely to be cured, treatment is less extensive, and recovery is faster. In addition to following recommended screening guidelines, people can reduce their risk of developing or dying from colorectal cancer by maintaining a healthy body weight; engaging in regular physical activity; eating a healthy, well-balanced diet; limiting alcohol consumption; and not smoking