The article is a synthesis of major areas of influence of the evolutionary and post-Darwinian
biology on contemporary humanistic and social sciences. The author proposes
a thesis that in spite of the influence of the same biological ideas, their expanse led to the
emergence of two types of humanistic sciences: eco-posthumanities – non-anthropocentric,
committed and relational, and post-evolutionary humanities – a-anthropocentric,
objectivistic, materialistic and non-committed. Concerning the emergence of the basic
concepts: bios for biology and human for humanities, the author argues for the paradigmatic
differences between these two, pointing to the totalizing tendency for horizontal
appropriation of areas of knowledge in human sciences, and a vertical drill ‘upwards’ and
‘downwards’ in natural sciences
