"Gender stereotypes have been an object of interest in psychology for
merely thirty years. Pioneer research on this subject was conducted by
Broverman et al. (1972) in the United States, in the 1970s. It indicated
the existence of two “concentrations” of stereotypical traits, which were
significantly different in content; i.e. warmth and expressiveness as the
female content, and competence and rationality as the male stereotype
contents. In the 1980s, also in the USA, Deaux and Lewis (1983, 1984)
successively proved that gender stereotypes do not constitute a chaotic
and disorderly set of general convictions about the nature of women and
men. On the contrary, they possess a coherent and multi-level structure,
implicating mutual and complex relationships which determine the social
perception of members of both sexes"
